Table 2.
Sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized patients infected with human metapneumovirus, compared with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infected patients, 2012–2018
| hMPV+ (n = 90) | Influenza+ (n = 908) | p | RSV+ (n = 129) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Gender | |||||
| Women, n (%) | 50/90 (56%) | 430/908 (47%) | 0.14 | 67/129 (52%) | 0.60 |
| Men, n (%) | 40/90 (44%) | 478/908 (53%) | 62/129 (48%) | ||
| Age | |||||
| Median age, years (IQR) | 78 (70–86) | 69 (54–82) | <0.001 | 74 (64–84) | 0.06 |
| Age >65 years, n (%) | 76/90 (84%) | 538/908 (59%) | <0.001 | 95/129 (74%) | 0.06 |
| Median BMI, kg/m2 (IQR) | 24.8 (21.5–28.5) | 25.1 (22.1–28.4) | 0.85 | 24.6 (21.6–28.8) | 0.91 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Smoker, n (%) | 12/87 (14%) | 178/874 (21%) | 0.12 | 31/126 (25%) | 0.05 |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 28/87 (32%) | 260/874 (30%) | 0.72 | 44/126 (35%) | 0.70 |
| Non-smoker, n (%) | 47/87 (54%) | 420/874 (49%) | 0.37 | 51/126 (40%) | 0.05 |
| Chronic diseases (at least one), n (%) | 73/90 (81%) | 678/908 (75%) | 0.18 | 117/129 (91%) | 0.04 |
| Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 40/90 (44%) | 344/908 (38%) | 0.22 | 70/129 (54%) | 0.15 |
| Chronic heart disease, n (%) | 45/90 (50%) | 362/908 (40%) | 0.06 | 64/129 (50%) | 0.96 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 18/90 (20%) | 204/908 (22%) | 0.59 | 30/129 (23%) | 0.57 |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 9/90 (10%) | 116/908 (13%) | 0.45 | 26/129 (20%) | 0.04 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 13/90 (14%) | 131/908 (14%) | 0.99 | 33/129 (26%) | 0.05 |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 4/90 (4%) | 28/922 (3%) | 0.52 | 4/129 (3%) | 0.60 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment, n (%) | 15/90 (17%) | 151/904 (17%) | 0.99 | 26/128 (20%) | 0.50 |
| Pregnancy, n (% of women of childbearing age) | 0 | 13/123 (11%) | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 |
| Influenza vaccination, n (%) | 52/90 (58%) | 351/919 (39%) | <0.001 | 70/126 (56%) | 0.68 |
| Hospitalization in the previous 12 months, n (%) | 37/90 (41%) | 360/908 (40%) | 0.79 | 64/129 (50%) | 0.21 |
| Presence of child/children <5 years in the household, n (%) | 5/90 (6%) | 69/915 (8%) | 0.67 | 8/129 (6%) | 0.84 |
| Clinical presentation | |||||
| Median time from symptom onset to hospitalization, days (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 0.23 | 2 (1–3) | 0.7 |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Fever or feverishness, n (%) | 79/90 (88%) | 811/907 (89%) | 0.63 | 109/128 (85%) | 0.58 |
| Cough, n (%) | 75/90 (83%) | 784/908 (86%) | 0.43 | 106/128 (83%) | 0.92 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 76/90 (84%) | 650/908 (71%) | 0.05 | 112/128 (88%) | 0.42 |
| Weakness/malaise, n (%) | 13/90 (14%) | 244/904 (27%) | 0.01 | 29/128 (23%) | 0.13 |
| Headache, n (%) | 16/90 (18%) | 277/902 (31%) | 0.01 | 30/128 (23%) | 0.31 |
| Myalgia, n (%) | 19/90 (21%) | 260/897 (29%) | 0.11 | 19/128 (15%) | 0.23 |
| Sore throat, n (%) | 8/90 (9%) | 184/901 (20%) | 0.008 | 22/126 (17%) | 0.07 |
| Outcome | |||||
| At least one complication during the hospital stay, n (%) | 56/90 (62%) | 473/908 (52%) | 0.07 | 85/129 (66%) | 0.58 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 32/89 (36%) | 257/904 (28%) | 0.14 | 50/128 (39%) | 0.64 |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 32/89 (36%) | 254/904 (28%) | 0.12 | 47/128 (37%) | 0.91 |
| Acute heart failure, n (%) | 22/89 (25%) | 114/903 (13%) | 0.002 | 21/128 (16%) | 0.13 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome, n (%) | 8/89 (9%) | 83/904 (9%) | 0.95 | 15/128 (12%) | 0.52 |
| Median length of stay, days (IQR) | 7 (4–13) | 6 (3–10) | 0.06 | 7 (5–14) | 0.50 |
| ICU admission after hospitalization in acute care, n (%) | 15/90 (17%) | 155/908 (17%) | 0.88 | 33/128 (26%) | 0.20 |
| Death, n (%) | 4/90 (4%) | 36/906 (4%) | 0.78 | 9/129 (7%) | 0.44 |
BMI, body mass index; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.