Fig. 1.

Map with geographical location of the eight areas of the Lombardy Region with the estimated resident population: 1 (mountain region, 298,000); 2 (1,145,000); 3 (1,115,000); 4 (1,200,000); 5 (1,430,000); 6 (773,000); 7 (3,480,000); 8 (546,000). SO = Sondrio; BS = Brescia; BG = Bergamo; LC = Lecco; MB = Monza; VA = Varese; MN = Mantova; MI = Milano; PV=Pavia.

The squares indicate the “Macro-hubs” identified during the pandemic. The full circles represent the “hub” hospitals before the pandemic that have been converted to spoke. The empty circles represent hospitals that were “spoke” even before the outbreak. Arrows indicate the referral “macro-hub” of each spoke.