Table 3.
Cardiac Structure and Function Characteristics
| Diastolic Dysfunction Absent (N=101) | Diastolic Dysfunction Present (N=94) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2D Echocardiography | |||
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 83.3 (72.8, 96.7) | 93.0 (80.4, 109.0) | <0.01 |
| Relative wall thickness | 0.4 (0.4, 0.5) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.5) | <0.01 |
| LV end-diastolic dimension (cm) | 4.5 (4.3, 4.9) | 4.5 (4.1, 4.9) | 0.40 |
| LV end-systolic dimension (cm) | 3.0 (2.7, 3.3) | 3.0 (2.8, 3.3) | 0.63 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 45.8 (40.6, 51.8) | 42.7 (36.5, 48.5) | 0.01 |
| LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 18.4 (15.0, 21.7) | 17.3 (13.8, 20.5) | 0.06 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 61 (57, 63) | 60 (57, 63) | 0.82 |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 26.3 (21.4, 30.3) | 26.5 (21.5, 32.2) | 0.45 |
| Mitral E/A ratio | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | <0.01 |
| E/e’ ratio | 6.9 (6.0, 7.9) | 9.1 (7.6, 10.9) | <0.01 |
| Septal e’ velocity (cm/s) | 9.6 (8.6, 10.8) | 6.8 (6.0, 7.7) | <0.01 |
| Lateral e’ velocity (cm/s) | 12.8 (11.2, 14.3) | 8.8 (7.5, 9.6) | <0.01 |
| Global longitudinal strain (%) | 19.6 (17.4, 21.3) | 18.2 (15.3, 20.1) | <0.01 |
| LA reservoir strain (%) | 45.9 (37.0, 60.6) | 39.7 (32.0, 58.0) | 0.04 |
| LA conduit strain (%) | 30.0 (22.9, 37.0) | 23.5 (17.5, 36.9) | <0.01 |
| LA booster strain (%) | 18.4 (13.1, 25.1) | 18.8 (14.5, 26.9) | 0.32 |
| Cardiac Magnetic Resonance | |||
| Focal Fibrosis by delayed-enhancement | 5 (5) | 16 (19) | <0.01 |
| Focal Fibrosis as % LV myocardial mass (%) | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 1.8 | <0.01 |
| Focal fibrosis as % LV myocardial mass among patients with delayed-enhancement (%) | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 3.6 | 0.93 |
| Myocardial T1 value pre-contrast* | 956 (914, 983) | 940 (900, 968) | 0.26 |
| Myocardial extracellular volume (%)^ | 28.0 (25.7, 30.5) | 25.2 (23.5, 29.2) | 0.06 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 123.6 (99.8, 142.1) | 120.3 (100.5, 138.9) | 0.55 |
| LV end-systolic volume (mL) | 40.7 (31.9, 51.4) | 42.2 (32.9, 51.8) | 0.56 |
| LV myocardial mass (g) | 118.6 (95.1, 138.5) | 141.3 (115.2, 161.1) | <0.01 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 66.2 (64.0, 68.8) | 64.4 (60.6, 67.1) | <0.01 |
| LV cardiac output (L/min) | 5.3 (4.2, 6.2) | 4.9 (4.1, 5.6) | 0.03 |
| RV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 124.5 (105.3, 147.0) | 125.8 (108.1, 148.8) | 0.96 |
| RV ejection fraction (%) | 59.3 (55.7, 64.2) | 58.7 (54.4, 63.1) | 0.17 |
Data presented as n (%), median (25th, 75th), or mean ± standard deviation.
LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; RV, right ventricular.
*
Data available for 53 patients in the DD− group and 30 patients in the DD+ group.
^
Data available for 52 patients in the DD− group and 29 patients in the DD+ group.