Table 3:

Phenotypic categories as determined by PGx testing for CYP enzymes

Metabolism Status	Effect
Poor metabolizers (PM)	Individuals have a deficiency in drug metabolism. Individuals are at risk for adverse effects due to diminished drug elimination, or lack of therapeutic effect resulting from failure to generate the active form of the drug.
Intermediate metabolizers (IM)	Individuals may require lower than average drug dosages for optimal therapeutic response.
Normal metabolizers (NM)	Individuals have two active genes producing the drug-metabolizing enzyme and therefore can metabolize the drug normally. Individuals with an NM phenotype can be dosed using standard practices.
Ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM)	Individuals with the UM phenotype have three or more active genes producing the drug- metabolizing enzyme and have increased metabolic capacity. Individuals may require an increased dosage because of higher than normal rates of drug metabolism.