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. 2020 May 1;11:2163. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15729-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a In all the experiments, a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were used (~2 : 1). b, c Due to the low efficiency of T-cell transfection (<20%), GFP-positive T cells were sorted by flow cytometry, and ∼85% were retrieved. d Image of fluorescence showing very low basal activation in the T cells engineered with AsNRs. e Immunostained VE-cad in slices showing that engineered T cells turned red when they engaged in cross talk with endothelial cells (n = 5 slices per group). f Analysis of adherent T cells showed that HUVECs attracted more engineered T cells than did the U251 cells. The graph on the right shows the number of activated engineered T cells, which indicated that these T cells could sense HUVECs. Scale bars = 10 μm in d; 50 μm in e, and 10 μm in the magnified panel. Error bars: SEM. Significance: ***p < 0.001.