Table 2.

miRNA regulation of particulate matter and nanoparticle toxicity response.

Xenobiotic	Time of exposure	miRNAs	Health endpoints	References
100 μg/ml PM2.5	6−120 hpf	let-7b	Up regulation - Regulates genes in DNA repair and breast cancer	[28]
		miR-153	Up regulation - Associated with hypertension in rats
		miR-122	Up regulation - Regulates hypoxia based glucose metabolism
		miR-24	Up regulation - Roles in immunity and inflammation
		let-7i let-7i	Down regulation - Role in immunity
		miR-7a/b	Down regulation - Cardiomyocyte protective
		miR-19b-3p	Down regulation - Inhibits cardiac fibrogenesis
3 mg/mL Silica nanoparticle, 0.01 mg/ml MeHg	48 hpf	miR-7147, miR-26a	Down regulation	[29]
		miR-26amiR-375, miR-206	Up regulation(Many miRNAs and genes assessed but the authors focused on these miRNAs that were part of a pathway for cardiac muscle contraction)
In silico nanoparticles		miR-124	Key regulator for Wnt signaling and implicated in DNA double strand damage	[20]
		miR-144	Key mediator for oxidative stress
		miR-19a	Important in oncogene regulation and in inflammatory responses
		miR-155a	Inflammatory response mediator with MAPK and TNF signaling as candidate pathways
		miR-223	Predicted in three networks as a key regulator in tissue damage