Table 3.
Barriers (B) and facilitators (F) to physical activity and sport in a socioecological framework and each study contribution including remote only barriers and facilitators
| Level | Description of Barrier / Facilitator | Study Reference Number | Total Number of | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 1 r |
6 r |
7 r |
Barriers | Facilitators | ||
| Individual | 18 | 12 | ||||||||||
| Motivation | F | B | B | 2 | 1 | |||||||
| Enjoyment of Activity | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Shyness /Embarrassment | B | B | B | B | 4 | |||||||
| Perceived lack of ability | B | B | 2 | |||||||||
| Lack of sporting ability | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Financial cost/opportunity | B | B | F | 2 | 1 | |||||||
| Lack of time | B | B | 2 | |||||||||
| Goals/Future opportunities | F | F | 2 | |||||||||
| Having good health | F | F | 2 | |||||||||
| Cultural practices | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Program delivered in local language | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Preference for certain sports | BF | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Racial/ethnic identity | BF | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Alternative to negative behaviours | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Academic ability | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Use of drugs, alcohol and smoking | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Overweight or obese | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Interpersonal | r | r | r | 9 | 11 | |||||||
| Parents who smoke | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Living in a sole parent household | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Moving house in the past 5 years | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Family owns their own home | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| PA important to the family | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Parental/Family role-modelling/activity level | B | BF | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| Friends activity level | F | B | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Connection with friends | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Family connectedness | F | F | 2 | |||||||||
| Family provides transport | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Lack of family car | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Peer competition | BF | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Connection with cultural practices | F | F | B | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| Community | r | r | r | 27 | 11 | |||||||
| Living in a remote community | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Lack of sporting facilities and amenities | B | B | B | 3 | ||||||||
| Lack of sporting equipment | B | B | 2 | |||||||||
| Lack of readily accessible venues and equipment outside of organised sporting sessions | B | 2 | ||||||||||
| Lack of appropriate training | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Lack of activities/programs | B | B | 2 | |||||||||
| Type of sporting program | F | F | 2 | |||||||||
| Opportunity to hire equipment | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| The distance of sporting venues from residential areas | B | B | 2 | |||||||||
| School holiday programs with transport to physical activities | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Safety of community play areas for children | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Poor community cohesion | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Lack of transport | B | B | B | 3 | ||||||||
| Experiences of racism in the community | B | B | B | 3 | ||||||||
| Climate too hot | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Seasonal restrictions | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Access to natural environment, tracks and parks | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Fear of dogs | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Community members/leaders | BF | B | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| Perception of negative attitude of authorities | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Admired sports people | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Connection to the community/sense of belonging | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Organisations providing services | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Cost of organisation providing services | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Coaching programs poorly attended/too academic | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Consistent mentoring of sports staff required | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Policy / Institutional | r | r | r | 4 | 3 | |||||||
| Welfare dependency | B | B | B | 3 | ||||||||
| The Aboriginal community governed collaboration | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Continuity of provision of sporting/PA programs | B | 1 | ||||||||||
| Effective publicity about sporting programs by clubs and agencies | F | 1 | ||||||||||
| Using a MoU to make partnership explicit | F | 1 | ||||||||||
B barrier, F facilitator, r remote location
1 = Abbott 2008, 2 = Dockery 2017, 3 = Edwards 2005, 4 = Evans 2018, 5 = Gwynn 2014; 6 = Macdonald 2012; 7 = Meldrum 2012; 8 = Nelson 2009; 9 = Victorian DEECD 2009; r = Remote only location