Table 3.
Differences in immune-activation markers between the gut and PBMC
| All (PBMC) | All (GUT) | Male (PBMC) | Male (GUT) | Female (PBMC) | Female (GUT) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Markers | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | pvalue | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | pvalue | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | pvalue |
| CD4+naïve CD38+ | 15.82 ± 4.07 | 18.92 ± 3.70 | 0.575 | 7.49 ± 1.25 | 17.79 ± 3.02 | 0.006 | 25.08 ± 4.97 | 20.18 ± 4.51 | 0.472 |
| CD4+naïve CD38+HLA-DR+ | 1.75 ± 0.70 | 8.97 ± 1.92 | 0.001 | 0.54 ± 0.15 | 9.59 ± 1.68 | 0.001 | 3.10 ± 0.88 | 8.28 ± 2.26 | 0.047 |
| CD4+naïve HLA-DR+ | 4.97 ± 2.21 | 17.21 ± 2.45 | 0.001 | 2.56 ± 0.46 | 17.94 ± 2.14 | 0.001 | 7.65 ± 2.95 | 16.39 ± 2.87 | 0.044 |
| CD4+TCM CD38+ | 10.89 ± 2.71 | 12.69 ± 2.51 | 0.628 | 10.14 ± 0.77 | 14.17 ± 2.24 | 0.108 | 11.72 ± 3.75 | 11.05 ± 2.85 | 0.889 |
| CD4+TCM CD38+HLA-DR+ | 1.47 ± 0.23 | 5.89 ± 1.67 | 0.014 | 1.5 ± 0.20 | 8.78 ± 1.99 | 0.003 | 1.44 ± 0.59 | 2.68 ± 0.63 | 0.164 |
| CD4+TCM HLA-DR+ | 2.94 ± 2.88 | 13.60 ± 2.89 | 0.012 | 7.34 ± 2.16 | 14.25 ± 2.15 | 0.032 | 6.12 ± 1.17 | 12.88 ± 3.68 | 0.100 |
| CD4+TEM CD38+ | 4.35 ± 0.70 | 10.50 ± 2.03 | 0.007 | 4.65 ± 0.68 | 11.03 ± 1.88 | 0.005 | 4.02 ± 0.83 | 9.91 ± 2.29 | 0.028 |
| CD4+TEM CD38+HLA-DR+ | 2.30 ± 0.30 | 6.02 ± 1.32 | 0.010 | 2.60 ± 0.32 | 6.26 ± 1.56 | 0.036 | 1.96 ± 0.44 | 5.74 ± 1.08 | 0.005 |
| CD4+TEM HLA-DR+ | 11.96 ± 1.26 | 20.18 ± 2.43 | 0.005 | 11.52 ± 1.08 | 16.94 ± 2.23 | 0.041 | 12.46 ± 1.77 | 23.77 ± 2.43 | 0.001 |
| CD8+naïve CD38+ | 12.45 ± 3.31 | 7.71 ± 1.92 | 0.223 | 5.99 ± 0.76 | 7.60 ± 1.93 | 0.448 | 19.63 ± 3.94 | 7.83 ± 2.02 | 0.015 |
| CD8+naïve CD38+HLA-DR+ | 1.36 ± 0.35 | 6.85 ± 1.71 | 0.004 | 0.76 ± 0.15 | 5.18 ± 1.26 | 0.004 | 2.02 ± 0.43 | 8.72 ± 2.06 | 0.006 |
| CD8+naïve HLA-DR+ | 4.38 ± 0.77 | 21.68 ± 3.87 | 0.001 | 3.75 ± 0.39 | 17.33 ± 1.57 | 0.001 | 5.07 ± 1.01 | 26.52 ± 5.25 | 0.001 |
| CD8+TCM CD38+ | 6.13 ± 2.10 | 9.72 ± 2.16 | 0.240 | 4.30 ± 0.79 | 10.42 ± 2.07 | 0.013 | 8.16 ± 2.79 | 8.94 ± 2.36 | 0.834 |
| CD8+TCM CD38+HLA-DR+ | 4.09 ± 0.69 | 9.32 ± 2.22 | 0.032 | 5.10 ± 0.76 | 9.83 ± 2.26 | 0.064 | 2.96 ± 0.48 | 8.74 ± 2.31 | 0.027 |
| CD8+TCM HLA-DR+ | 8.54 ± 1.51 | 20.23 ± 3.88 | 0.008 | 8.81 ± 1.58 | 18.52 ± 1.77 | 0.001 | 8.24 ± 1.45 | 22.14 ± 5.47 | 0.027 |
| CD8+TEM CD38+ | 6.50 ± 2.56 | 14.77 ± 2.64 | 0.029 | 3.74 ± 0.40 | 15.75 ± 2.56 | 0.001 | 9.57 ± 3.49 | 13.67 ± 2.84 | 0.372 |
| CD8+TEM CD38+HLA-DR+ | 4.25 ± 0.58 | 13.33 ± 2.89 | 0.004 | 4.11 ± 0.57 | 12.36 ± 3.10 | 0.020 | 4.41 ± 0.60 | 14.40 ± 2.81 | 0.003 |
| CD8+TEM HLA-DR+ | 11.40 ± 1.27 | 19.88 ± 3.55 | 0.031 | 10.82 ± 1.24 | 15.08 ± 1.89 | 0.072 | 12.05 ± 1.52 | 25.21 ± 4.50 | 0.013 |
| CD4+naïve Th1 | 1.84 ± 0.81 | 5.26 ± 2.05 | 0.129 | 2.21 ± 1.10 | 2.09 ± 0.87 | 0.933 | 1.42 ± 0.33 | 8.78 ± 2.61 | 0.014 |
| CD4+naïve Th17 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.07 | 0.030 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.203 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.32 ± 0.09 | 0.005 |
| CD4+naïve Th1 Th17 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 2.37 ± 0.67 | 0.003 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 1.82 ± 0.66 | 0.023 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 2.97 ± 0.69 | 0.001 |
| CD4+TCM Th1 | 10.87 ± 3.41 | 20.77 ± 4.50 | 0.086 | 9.38 ± 3.93 | 12.31 ± 3.11 | 0.564 | 12.53 ± 2.91 | 30.17 ± 4.70 | 0.004 |
| CD4+TCM Th17 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 1.57 ± 0.47 | 0.004 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.92 ± 0.34 | 0.023 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 2.30 ± 0.55 | 0.001 |
| CD4+TCM Th1 Th17 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | 3.20 ± 1.08 | 0.018 | 0.38 ± 0.10 | 1.32 ± 0.32 | 0.015 | 0.55 ± 0.13 | 5.29 ± 1.38 | 0.004 |
| CD4+TEM Th1 | 15.03 ± 4.39 | 18.79 ± 4.82 | 0.567 | 10.92 ± 4.67 | 7.34 ± 2.05 | 0.491 | 19.59 ± 4.00 | 31.51 ± 4.95 | 0.073 |
| CD4+TEM Th17 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 1.94 ± 0.67 | 0.012 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.56 ± 0.20 | 0.039 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 3.49 ± 0.80 | 0.001 |
| CD4+TEM Th1 Th17 | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 3.54 ± 1.34 | 0.032 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.33 | 0.073 | 0.74 ± 0.16 | 6.43 ± 1.65 | 0.004 |
| CD8+naïve Tc1 | 7.99 ± 2.70 | 21.18 ± 6.03 | 0.053 | 5.87 ± 2.65 | 10.75 ± 3.33 | 0.263 | 10.33 ± 2.77 | 32.76 ± 7.09 | 0.009 |
| CD8+naïve Tc17 | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.10 | 0.045 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.053 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | 0.014 |
| CD8+naïve Tc1 Tc17 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.99 ± 0.42 | 0.057 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.16 | 0.025 | 0.22 ± 0.07 | 1.53 ± 0.57 | 0.040 |
| CD8+TCM Tc1 | 26.81 ± 7.59 | 32.40 ± 6.84 | 0.587 | 19.82 ± 7.73 | 21.59 ± 5.05 | 0.849 | 34.58 ± 7.33 | 44.41 ± 7.48 | 0.357 |
| CD8+TCM Tc17 | 0.14 ± 0.07 | 0.36 ± 0.12 | 0.135 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.216 | 0.21 ± 0.10 | 0.53 ± 0.14 | 0.081 |
| CD8+TCM Tc1 Tc17 | 0.26 ± 0.12 | 0.51 ± 0.14 | 0.220 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.11 | 0.136 | 0.42 ± 0.17 | 0.71 ± 0.16 | 0.240 |
| CD8+TEM Tc1 | 26.30 ± 7.46 | 30.65 ± 7.30 | 0.678 | 18.13 ± 7.81 | 13.99 ± 3.61 | 0.636 | 35.37 ± 6.70 | 49.15 ± 7.52 | 0.183 |
| CD8+TEM Tc17 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.084 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.12 ± 0.10 | 0.301 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.17 | 0.028 |
| CD8+TEM Tc1 Tc17 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.44 ± 0.15 | 0.026 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.30 ± 0.13 | 0.055 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.59 ± 0.17 | 0.019 |
Columns show marker name, mean ± sigma values of each marker expressed in the gut and PBMC of all patients, men and women, p value. The statistical significance is achieved when p < 0.05†. Statistical differences between the gut and PBMC were evaluated using Student’s t tests