Figure 8.

(Color online) Time 2–Time 1 change in task-dependent functional connectivity (generalized psychological-physiological interaction analysis) with left amygdala. (a) Generic baby-cry versus noise directly associated with change in PSI total score (dPSI). (b) Brain image highlighting the Time 2–Time 1 change in own baby-cry versus self baby-cry differential functional connectivity between the left amygdala seed (blue online only) and the temporal pole (red online only) that was associated with the Time 2–Time 1 reduction in parenting stress (dPSI).(c) Parenting stress is decreased with functional coupling between amygdala and temporal pole for own versus self baby-cry that increases over time. Scatterplot of the reduction in PSI (dPSI) on the x-axis and increase in amygdala–temporal pole’s own baby-cry versus self baby-cry differential functional coupling strength (y axis) from Time 1 to Time 2. Mothers were grouped according to whether they were depressed or not depressed (filled for depressed, open for nondepressed) and whether they received MP (squares for MP, circles for control). Of note, all mothers who showed increased own versus self baby-cry functional connectivity had a reduction in parenting stress over time (green shading online only), and none of those who decreased this differential functional connectivity reported reduced parenting stress over time (red shading online only).