Table 2.

Published findings on impact of SMS Messaging on vaccination dropouts, developing countries

Country	Author(s)	Main findings
Kenya	Gibson et al.	Vaccination coverage ↑ 4% with SMS, ↑8% with SMS plus conditional cash transfer
Kenya	Haji et al.	Dropouts were 4 % among SMS recipients, 17% among controls.
Nigeria	Brown et al.	Ibadan mothers willing to record their numbers at clinics for reminder/recall, in preference to home visits and Email reminders.
Nigeria	Eze, Adeleye	Coverage 8.7% higher in the intervention group; SMS reminders cheaper than house visits
Zimbabwe	Bangure et al.	Coverage at 14 weeks was 95% in the intervention group and 75% in the non-intervention group, p<0.001.
Burkina Faso	Schlumberger et al.	At 4 months of age, attendance for children was significantly better for children whose parents were sent SMS messages, p<0.001.
Guatemala	Domek et al.	“Both intervention and usual care participants had high rates of vaccine and visit completion, with a non- statistically significant higher percentage of children in the intervention completing both visit 2 and visit 3.”
China	Chen et al.	“An app and text messages can be used by village doctors to improve full vaccination coverage, though no significant increase in coverage was found when assessing the effect of the app on its own.”
Bangladesh	Uddin et al.	“Difference-in-difference estimates were +29.5% for rural intervention versus control areas and +27.1% for urban areas.”
India	Seth et al.	“Median coverage at enrolment was 33% in all groups and increased to 41.7%, 40.1% and 50.0% by the end of the study in the control group, the group with mobile phone reminders, and the compliance-linked incentives group, respectively.”
Pakistan	Kazi et al.	“Only children in the per protocol analyses, who received an SMS reminder for vaccine uptake at 6 weeks visit, showed a statistically significant difference (96.0% vs 86.4%).”

Note: The first six citations are from Manakongtreecheep, op. cit.