Table 5.
Absolute and proportionate number of open businesses (government-included categories v. government-excluded categories) offering specific food and drink items based on ground observations in two areas of New York City, USA, 2015
| Attribute of businesses | Food/drink-offering businesses from categories included in government data* (n) | Contribution among all businesses (%) | Food/drink-offering businesses from categories excluded from government data† (n) | Contribution among all businesses (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| On 154 street segments in the Bronx | ||||
| Total open‡ | 199 | 30·1 | 463 | 69·9 |
| Offering any food or drink | 199 | 71·6 | 79 | 28·4 |
| Offering any healthful items§ | 194 | 78·2 | 54 | 21·8 |
| Offering only items that were less healthful║ | 4 | 13·8 | 25 | 86·2 |
| Offering any fruits or vegetables | 164 | 89·1 | 20 | 10·9 |
| Offering any whole grains | 105 | 93·8 | 7 | 6·3 |
| Offering any nuts | 85 | 92·4 | 7 | 7·6 |
| Offering any refined sweets | 174 | 82·1 | 38 | 17·9 |
| Offering any salty/fatty fare | 180 | 89·1 | 22 | 10·9 |
| Offering any water | 192 | 80·3 | 47 | 19·7 |
| Offering any milk | 112 | 94·9 | 6 | 5·1 |
| Offering any low-fat milk | 65 | 97·0 | 2 | 3·0 |
| Offering any 100 % juice | 131 | 97·8 | 3 | 2·2 |
| Offering any diet drinks | 189 | 89·2 | 23 | 10·8 |
| Offering any sugar-sweetened beverages | 191 | 86·8 | 29 | 13·2 |
| Offering any alcohol | 56 | 87·5 | 8 | 12·5 |
| On 51 street segments in the UES | ||||
| Total open‡ | 77 | 23·3 | 253 | 76·7 |
| Offering any food or drink | 77 | 77·8 | 22 | 22·2 |
| Offering any healthful items§ | 73 | 79·3 | 19 | 20·7 |
| Offering only items that were less healthful║ | 4 | 57·1 | 3 | 42·9 |
| Offering any fruits or vegetables | 66 | 86·8 | 10 | 13·2 |
| Offering any whole grains | 62 | 96·9 | 2 | 3·1 |
| Offering any nuts | 22 | 95·7 | 1 | 4·3 |
| Offering any refined sweets | 73 | 90·1 | 8 | 9·9 |
| Offering any salty/fatty fare | 73 | 85·9 | 12 | 14·1 |
| Offering any water | 72 | 80·0 | 18 | 20·0 |
| Offering any milk | 47 | 92·2 | 4 | 7·8 |
| Offering any low-fat milk | 42 | 100·0 | 0 | 0·0 |
| Offering any 100 % juice | 62 | 91·2 | 6 | 8·8 |
| Offering any diet drinks | 70 | 88·6 | 9 | 11·4 |
| Offering any sugar-sweetened beverages | 72 | 87·8 | 10 | 12·2 |
| Offering any alcohol | 38 | 97·4 | 1 | 2·6 |
UES, Upper East Side (part of Manhattan); gov., government-recognized (i.e. included in government records); OSB, other storefront businesses (businesses not primarily focused on selling foods or drinks, but which nevertheless might offer them).
Includes food stores, restaurants and ‘gov. OSB’; please see footnote to Table 1 for definitions and examples.
Includes ‘other OSB’ and street vendors; please see footnote to Table 1 for definitions/examples.
Only businesses that were open allowed for investigators entering establishments to make complete assessments of the food and drink items on offer. In the Bronx, closed businesses included food stores (n 4), restaurants (n 23), ‘gov. OSB’ (n 4) and ‘other OSB’ (n 49). In the UES, closed businesses included a food store (n 1), restaurants (n 9), ‘other OSB’ (n 15) and a street vendor (n 1).
‘Any healthful items’ = healthful foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains or nuts) or healthful drinks (water or milk), regardless of other food/drink offerings.
‘Only items that were less healthful’ = less-healthful foods (refined sweets or salty/fatty fare) or less-healthful drinks (sugar-sweetened beverages or alcohol) with no healthful food/drink options and no foods/drinks considered neither healthful nor less healthful (e.g. eggs, cheese, fresh poultry, 100 % juice or diet drinks).