Table 3.
Age- and sex-adjusted baseline characteristics of participants based on total sample and extreme quartiles of cumulative total flavonoid intake
| Total flavonoid intake quartile category | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total sample (n 1779)* | Quartile 1 (n 445) | Quartile 4 (n 445) | Ptrend† | |||
| Total flavonoid intake (mg/d)‡ | 246 | 19, 2021 | 115 | 19, 155 | 532 | 390, 2021 | |
| Age (years)§ | 60·8 | 60·4, 61·2 | 60·3 | 59·5, 61·1 | 60·9 | 60·1, 61·7 | 0·35 |
| Female (%)‖ | 55·9 | 53·6, 58·2 | 50·7 | 46·1, 55·3 | 69·0 | 64·4, 73·6 | <0·0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)§ | 28·0 | 27·8, 28·2 | 28·6 | 28·2, 29·1 | 27·1 | 26·6, 27·6 | <0·0001 |
| >College degree (%)‖ | 74·4 | 72·4, 76·4 | 66·1 | 62·1, 70·0 | 77·9 | 73·9, 82·0 | 0·0006 |
| ApoE ε4 (%)* ‖ | 23·1 | 21·1, 25·1 | 23·3 | 19·3, 27·2 | 25·5 | 21·5, 29·6 | 0·24 |
| Current smoker (%)‖ | 10·0 | 8·6, 11·4 | 15·3 | 12·5, 18·0 | 8·3 | 5·5, 11·1 | 0·003 |
| Physical activity index (Mets)§ | 37·4 | 37·2, 37·7 | 36·7 | 36·2, 37·3 | 38·0 | 37·4, 38·6 | 0·0005 |
| Diabetes (%)* ‖ | 9·8 | 8·5, 11·2 | 11·6 | 8·9, 14·3 | 7·3 | 4·6, 10·0 | 0·07 |
| Hypertension (%)‖ | 58·9 | 56·7, 61·2 | 60·1 | 55·6, 64·5 | 56·0 | 51·5, 60·6 | 0·14 |
| Stroke (%)‖ | 1·4 | 0·8, 1·9 | 0·5 | 0·0, 1·6 | 1·4 | 0·3, 2·5 | 0·42 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia (%)* ‖ | 63·2 | 61·0, 65·5 | 64·6 | 60·2, 69·1 | 61·2 | 56·7, 65·8 | 0·26 |
| Oral hypoglycaemic medication use (%)‖ | 5·3 | 4·3, 6·3 | 5·1 | 3·1, 7·1 | 4·0 | 1·9, 6·0 | 0·35 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication use (%)‖ | 22·0 | 20·1, 23·9 | 24·5 | 20·7, 28·3 | 17·9 | 14·1, 21·8 | 0·06 |
| Hypertension medication use (%)‖ | 31·8 | 29·8, 33·9 | 32·3 | 28·2, 36·4 | 28·7 | 24·6, 32·9 | 0·20 |
| Total energy intake (kJ/d)§ | 7905 | 7805, 8005 | 6760 | 6573, 6948 | 8673 | 8483, 8864 | <0·0001 |
| DGAI§ | 60·5 | 60·0, 60·9 | 54·5 | 53·6, 55·4 | 63·2 | 62·3, 64·1 | <0·0001 |
DGAI, Dietary Guideline Adherence Index.
37 missing ApoE ε4, 11 missing diabetes, 11 missing hypercholesterolaemia, 24 missing DGAI.
P-values for the test of linear trend across extreme quartile categories of total flavonoid intake were based on linear regression models with the median intake of each extreme quartile category assigned to individuals with intake in that category, and this quartile median variable was used as a continuous measure in regression models.
Values are medians; minimum and maximums in parentheses.
All values are age- and sex-adjusted (least-squares) means; 95 % CIs.
All values are age- and sex-adjusted (least-squares) percentages; 95 % CIs.