Table 4b.
Mean annualised change in the standardised rate × 1000* of cognitive decline over a median follow-up of 11·8 years, across quartiles of total and six classes of flavonoid intake: verbal memory cognitive domain†
| Flavonoid class | Flavonoid quartiles | P trend ‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | ||
| Total flavonoids§ | –9·6 | –19·0, –0·3 | –9·6 | –18·3, –0·8 | 0·0 | –8·9, 8·8 | –2·1 | –11·0, 6·8 | 0·19 |
| Flavanols | –16·6 | –25·9, –7·4 | –3·2 | –11·9, 5·6 | –3·2 | –12·0, 5·5 | 1·6‖ | –7·3, 10·5 | 0·02 |
| Flavones | –9·1 | –18·2, 0·0 | –2·2 | –10·9, 6·5 | –6·6 | –15·3, 2·2 | –3·5 | –12·6, 5·5 | 0·57 |
| Flavanones | –6·1 | –15·1, 2·9 | 1·4 | –7·3, 10·1 | –11·0 | –19·7, –2·3 | –5·5 | –14·7, 3·6 | 0·59 |
| Flavan-3-ols | –13·2 | –22·4, –4·0 | –4·6 | –13·4, 4·2 | –6·3 | –15·1, 2·5 | 2·6 ‖ | –6·2, 11·5 | 0·03 |
| Anthocyanins | –8·8 | –18·3, 0·7 | –5·4 | –14·3, 3·5 | –2·0 | –10·7, 6·7 | –5·4 | –13·9, 3·2 | 0·67 |
| Flavonoid polymers | –11·9 | –21·3, –2·4 | –8·6 | –17·3, 0·1 | 0·9 | –7·8, 9·7 | –2·2 | –11·0, 6·7 | 0·16 |
All values are mean least-squares annualised change in verbal memory cognitive domain score multiplied by 1000; 95 % CIs.
Of the total 2672 observations, there were 2603 complete data for verbal memory cognitive domain.
P-values for the test of linear trend across quartile categories were based on linear regression models with the median intake of each quartile category assigned to individuals with intake in that category, and this quartile median variable was used as a continuous measure in regression models.
Adjusted for age, sex, education, total energy intake, apo E ε4 and verbal memory score at the beginning of the exam interval (model 1).
Significantly different from quartile 1 by Dunnett’s test (P < 0·05).