Table 3.
Drinks available from businesses, the Bronx v. the UES, 2015
| Characteristics of businesses* | Bronx | UES | Bronx – UES (% age-point difference) | 95 % CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %† | n | %† | |||
| Overall businesses | 662 | 100·0 | 330 | 100·0 | 0·0 | – |
| Offering any drink | 249 | 37·6 | 92 | 27·9 | 9·7 | 3·6, 15·8 |
| Offering any water | 239 | 36·1 | 90 | 27·3 | 8·8 | 2·8, 14·9 |
| Offering any milk | 118 | 17·8 | 51 | 15·5 | 2·4 | –2·5, 7·2 |
| Offering any low-fat milk | 67 | 10·1 | 42 | 12·7 | –2·6 | –6·9, 1·7 |
| Offering any 100 % juice | 134 | 20·2 | 68 | 20·6 | –0·4 | –5·7, 5·0 |
| Offering any diet drinks | 212 | 32·0 | 79 | 23·9 | 8·1 | 2·3, 13·9 |
| Offering any sugar-sweetened beverages | 220 | 33·2 | 82 | 24·8 | 8·4 | 2·5, 14·3 |
| Offering any alcohol | 64 | 9·7 | 39 | 11·8 | –2·2 | –6·3, 2·0 |
| Offering any healthful drinks‡ | 239 | 36·1 | 90 | 27·3 | 8·8 | 2·8, 14·9 |
| Offering only drinks that were less-healthful§ | 9 | 1·4 | 1 | 0·3 | 1·1 | 0·0, 2·1 |
| Food Stores‖ | 76 | 11·5 | 14 | 4·2 | 7·2 | 4·0, 10·5 |
| Offering any drink¶ | 73 | 96·1 | 12 | 85·7 | 10·3 | –8·5, 29·2 |
| Offering any water | 72 | 94·7 | 12 | 86·0 | 9·0 | –10·0, 28·0 |
| Offering any milk | 57 | 75·0 | 8 | 57·1 | 17·9 | –9·8, 45·5 |
| Offering any low-fat milk | 40 | 52·6 | 8 | 57·1 | –4·5 | –32·8, 23·7 |
| Offering any 100 % juice | 63 | 82·9 | 10 | 71·4 | 11·5 | –13·7, 36·6 |
| Offering any diet drinks | 72 | 94·7 | 12 | 86·0 | 9·0 | –10·0, 28·0 |
| Offering any sugar-sweetened beverages | 72 | 94·7 | 12 | 86·0 | 9·0 | –10·0, 28·0 |
| Offering any alcohol | 35 | 46·1 | 5 | 35·7 | 10·3 | –17·1, 37·8 |
| Offering any healthful drinks‡ ** | 72 | 94·7 | 12 | 85·7 | 9·0 | –10·0, 28·0 |
| Offering only drinks that were less-healthful§ | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·0 |
| Restaurants‖ | 81 | 12·2 | 59 | 17·9 | –5·6 | –10·5, –0·8 |
| Offering any drink†† | 81 | 100·0 | 58 | 98·3 | 1·7 | –1·6, 5·0 |
| Offering any water | 81 | 100·0 | 58 | 98·0 | 1·7 | –1·6, 5·0 |
| Offering any milk | 34 | 42·0 | 37 | 62·7 | –20·7 | –37·1, –4·4 |
| Offering any low-fat milk | 10 | 12·3 | 32 | 54·2 | –41·9 | –56·5, –27·3 |
| Offering any 100 % juice | 40 | 49·4 | 50 | 84·7 | –35·4 | –49·6, –21·1 |
| Offering any diet drinks | 80 | 98·8 | 56 | 94·9 | 3·9 | –2·2, 9·9 |
| Offering any sugar-sweetened beverages | 81 | 100·0 | 58 | 98·0 | 1·7 | –1·6, 5·0 |
| Offering any alcohol | 12 | 14·8 | 32 | 54·2 | –39·4 | –54·3, –24·5 |
| Offering any healthful drinks‡ | 81 | 100·0 | 58 | 98·3 | 1·7 | –1·6, 5·0 |
| Offering only drinks that were less-healthful§ | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·0 |
| OSBs‖ | 481 | 72·7 | 248 | 75·2 | –2·5 | –8·3, 3·3 |
| Offering any drink | 82 | 17·0 | 14 | 5·6 | 11·4 | 7·0, 15·8 |
| Offering any water | 73 | 15·2 | 12 | 4·8 | 10·3 | 6·2, 14·5 |
| Offering any milk | 26 | 5·4 | 6 | 2·4 | 3·0 | 0·2, 5·8 |
| Offering any low-fat milk | 17 | 3·5 | 2 | 0·8 | 2·7 | 0·7, 4·7 |
| Offering any 100 % juice | 31 | 6·4 | 5 | 2·0 | 4·4 | 1·6, 7·2 |
| Offering any diet drinks | 50 | 10·4 | 4 | 1·6 | 8·8 | 5·6, 11·9 |
| Offering any sugar-sweetened beverages | 55 | 11·4 | 5 | 2·0 | 9·4 | 6·1, 12·8 |
| Offering any alcohol | 17 | 3·5 | 2 | 0·8 | 2·7 | 0·7, 4·7 |
| Offering any healthful drinks‡ | 73 | 15·2 | 12 | 4·8 | 10·3 | 6·2, 14·5 |
| Offering only drinks that were less-healthful§ | 9 | 1·9 | 1 | 0·4 | 1·5 | 0·0, 2·9 |
| Street vendors‖ | 24 | 3·6 | 9 | 2·7 | 0·9 | –1·4, 3·2 |
| Offering any drink | 13 | 54·2 | 8 | 88·9 | –34·7 | –63·3, –6·1 |
| Offering any water | 13 | 54·0 | 8 | 89·0 | –34·7 | –63·3, –6·1 |
| Offering any milk | 1 | 4·2 | 0 | 0·0 | 4·2 | –3·8, 12·2 |
| Offering any low-fat milk | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·0 |
| Offering any 100 % juice | 0 | 0·0 | 3 | 33·3 | –33·3 | –64·1, –2·5 |
| Offering any diet drinks | 10 | 41·7 | 7 | 77·8 | –36·1 | –69·7, –2·5 |
| Offering any sugar-sweetened beverages | 12 | 50·0 | 7 | 77·8 | –27·8 | –61·5, 6·0 |
| Offering any alcohol | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·0 |
| Offering any healthful drinks‡ | 13 | 54·2 | 8 | 88·9 | –34·7 | –63·3, –6·1 |
| Offering only drinks that were less-healthful§ | 0 | 0·0 | 0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0, 0·0 |
OSBs, other storefront businesses; UES, Upper East Side (neighbourhood of Manhattan).
Exact determination of food/drink offerings could only be made for businesses that were open at the time of assessments; for imputation of food/drink offering from businesses closed at the time of assessment, please see online supplementary material (Supplemental Table 2).
Column percentage; denominators for column percentages are the n values in the preceding table row having the lesser degree of indentation.
‘any healthful drinks’ = any water or milk, regardless of other food/drink availability.
‘only drinks that were less-healthful’ = only ‘sugar-sweetened beverages’ or alcohol for drink options; no healthful drinks nor drinks considered neither healthful nor less-healthful such as 100 % juice and ‘diet drinks’.
Please see footnotes to Table 1 for definition.
Not all food stores offered drink; some only sold food items: a fish market, a meat market and a nutrition center in the Bronx; a meat market and a bakery in the UES.
One discount store in the Bronx sold only a limited assortment of juices and diet drinks (no healthful drinks like milk or water, no less-healthful drinks like sugar-sweetened beverages or alcohol).
Not all restaurants offered drink; a shop in the UES only offered frozen yogurt (with no containers for water, for example).