Fig. 3.

Exosomes promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes. a The proliferation was assessed by cck-8 assay and DNA content (right). Data represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 5. b The protein and mRNA level of genes associated with proliferation (PCNA) and anti-apoptosis (Survivin, Bcl-2, Bax). c Chondrocytes were pretreated with 2D-Exos and 3D-Exos followed by IL-1β (10 ng/mL) challenge for 24 h. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Data represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 3