Table 3.
Association between log-transformed serum RANKL concentrations and cognitive function test in hemodialysis participants using linear regression analysis with confounder adjustment.
| Cognitive test | Linear regression models | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| MoCA | 1.19 (0.11 to 2.27) | 1.12 (0.08 to 2.16) | 1.11 (0.09 to 2.14) | 1.14 (0.17 to 2.11) |
| CASI | 2.98 (0.13 to 5.82) | 2.88 (0.27 to 5.49) | 2.83 (-0.12 to 5.78) | 3.06 (0.24 to 5.88) |
| CASI short-term memory | 0.55 (0.11 to 0.99) | 0.51 (0.10 to 0.93) | 0.53 (-0.001 to 1.06) | 0.52 (0.01 to 1.02) |
| CASI mental manipulation | 0.56 (0.11 to 1.00) | 0.51 (0.09 to 0.94) | 0.53 (0.04 to 1.02) | 0.51 (0.05 to 0.96) |
| CASI abstract thinking | 0.56 (-0.02 to 1.14) | 0.56 (0.003 to 1.12) | 0.59 (0.05 to 1.13) | 0.57 (0.06 to 1.09) |
| CASI name fluency | 0.43 (-0.04 to 0.90) | 0.42 (-0.06 to 0.89) | 0.28 (-0.21 to 0.78) | 0.29 (-0.19 to 0.76) |
Note: CASI: Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The multivariable linear model demonstrated as a beta coefficient (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, and education level. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, education level, depression scale, and comorbidity (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease). Model 3 is adjusted for age, sex, education level, depression scale, comorbidity (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease), clinical laboratory data (hemoglobin, albumin, ion calcium, phosphorous, C-reactive protein, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and Kt/V), and hemodialysis duration. Model 4 is adjusted for stepwise procedure selected covariates. Covariate selection of age, education, depression scale, coronary artery disease, blood urea nitrogen, ion calcium, phosphate, and C-reactive protein in MoCA; covariate selection of age, sex, education, diabetes, coronary artery disease, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, ion calcium, and C-reactive protein in CASI; covariate selection of age, sex, education, depression scale, diabetes, coronary artery disease, albumin, ion calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone in CASI short-term memory; covariate selection of education, depression scale, hyperlipidemia, and iron calcium in CASI mental manipulation; covariate selection of age, sex, education, depression scale, diabetes, coronary artery disease, albumin, ion calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone in CASI short-term memory; covariate selection of sex, education, diabetes, coronary artery disease, blood urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein in CASI abstract thinking; covariate selection of age, education, diabetes, coronary artery disease, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase in CASI name fluency.