Table 2.
Demographic and metabolic characteristics of GDM patients at 6-8 weeks postpartum categorized into tertiles according to TG levels at 24-28 gestational weeks.
| Variables | Low tertile (<2.14 mmol/L) (N = 171) |
Intermediate tertile (2.14~2.89 mmol/L) (N = 171) |
High tertile (>2.89 mmol/L) (N = 171) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 31.49 ± 4.45 | 32.07 ± 4.90 | 32.29 ± 4.07 | 0.140 |
| Postpartum BMI (kg/m2) | 23.56 ± 3.30 | 24.018 ± 3.37 | 25.03±3.14∗∗ | 0.0001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.87 ± 0.68 | 4.97 ± 0.70 | 5.18±0.90∗∗ | 0.001 |
| 1hPG (mmol/L) | 9.11 ± 2.15 | 9.19 ± 2.15 | 9.66 ± 2.43∗ | 0.048 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 6.99 ± 1.98 | 7.29 ± 2.12 | 7.64±2.36∗∗ | 0.022 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.55 ± 0.46 | 5.52 ± 0.45 | 5.62 ± 0.44 | 0.228 |
| GA (%) | 13.63 ± 1.38 | 13.21 ± 1.24 | 13.36 ± 1.26 | 0.090 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.09 ± 0.99 | 5.14 ± 0.97 | 5.36 ± 0.91∗ | 0.026 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.05 ± 0.57 | 1.23 ± 0.82∗ | 1.72±0.97∗∗ | 0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.54 ± 0.32 | 1.53 ± 0.39 | 1.34±0.85∗∗ | 0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.04 ± 0.92 | 3.08 ± 0.78 | 3.39±0.73∗∗ | 0.001 |
| HOMA-β (%) | 84.51 (55.46-131.82) | 88.50 (54.81-142.38) | 90.95 (59.12-154.91) | 0.120 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.10 (0.69-1.63) | 1.21 (0.83-1.93) | 1.59 (0.97-2.43)∗∗ | 0.0001 |
| DM family history (%) | 54 (31.58) | 44 (25.73) | 53 (30.99) | 0.426 |
| Insulin treatment therapy (%) | 48 (28.07) | 58 (33.92) | 65 (38.01) | 0.147 |
| Postpartum AGM (%) | 46 (26.90) | 57 (33.33) | 74 (43.27)∗∗ | 0.006 |
| Macrosomia (%) | 9 (5.26) | 16 (9.36) | 9 (5.26) | 0.213 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). TG: triglyceride; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 1hPG: 1 h plasma glucose; 2hPG: 2 h plasma glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; GA: glycated albumin; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; DM: diabetes mellitus; AGM: abnormal glucose metabolism; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index; HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment for β cell function. ∗Compared to the low tertile group, p < 0.05. ∗∗Compared to the low tertile group, p < 0.01.