Table 1.
Multiple genes can interact with signaling pathways to regulate radiosensitivity and their encoded proteins can act as good potential biomarker
| Genes | Relationship with radiotherapy | Associated signaling pathways | Potential biomarkers | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RPA3 (Replication protein A3) | overexpression of RPA3 can enhance radioresistance and the capacity for DNA repair of NPC cells | High RPA3 expression is associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and a higher recurrence rate | 11 | |
| RBM3(RNA-binding motif protein 3) | RBM3 enhance radioresistance by inhibiting the apoptotic response to radiotherapy | through the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling pathway | RBM3 may serve as a novel factor for predicting radioresistance | 64 |
| EDA (Fibronectin extra domain A) | EDA-silenced NPC cells show enhanced radiosensitivity | by FAK/Akt/JNK signaling | 70 | |
| EVI1(Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1) | EVI1, snail, and HDAC1 can form a co-repressor complex to repress E-cadherin expression and contribute to EMT phenotype; EVI1 can regulat CSC properties | EVI1 directly bind at β-catenin promoter and activate its expression | Up-regulation of EVI1 predict unfavorable prognosis and contribute to radioresistance in NPC cells | 73 |
| ANXA1(Annexin A1) | ANXA1 downregulation may enhance the radioresistance of NPC | 74 | ||
| BPIFB1(Bactericidal/permeability- increasing-fold-containing family B member 1) | BPIFB1 sensitize NPC cells to ionizing radiation | BPIFB1 can inhibit VTN-mediated radioresistance | 75 | |
| SHP-1 (also called PTPN-6, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6) | Overexpression of SHP-1 lead to radioresistance with enhanced DNA DSB repair, increased S phase arrest and decreased cell apoptosis | 76,77 | ||
| QSOX1(quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1) | QSOX1 is significantly down-regulated in the radioresistant NPC cell line; QSOX1-silencing weaken the antitumor effect of radiation and enhance the radioresistance | 78 | ||
| SALL4 (sal‐like 4) | Inhibition of SALL4 reduce proliferation and sensitize cells to radiation | via ATM/Chk2/p53 pathway | 79 | |
| HSP27 (heat shock protein 27) | HSP27 upregulation may be involved in the NPC radioresistance. | 80 | ||
| CKMT1(Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase 1) | NPC cells with higher CKMT1 exhibit lower radiosensitivity | through promoting phosphorylation of STAT3 | 81 | |
| CD166 | The secreted level of CD166 with radioresistant NPC is significantly higher than that with radiosensitive NPC | the secreted protein CD166 may be can used as a biomarker for predicting the response of NPC to radiotherapy | 82 | |
| PLAC8 (placenta specific 8) | knockout of PLAC8 enhance the radiosensitivity of NPC cells | by PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway | 83 |