Table 2.
MicroRNAs regulate radiosensitivity and can act as good potential biomarker for predicting radioresistance
| MicroRNAs | Roles in radiotherapy | Associated signaling pathways/genes | Potential biomarkers | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MicroRNAs conferring to radioresistance | ||||
| miRNA-324-3p | miRNA-324-3p is significantly decreased in CNE-2 cells with radioresistance compared to its parental cells | targeting WNT2B (by the 5′-UTR) | 47 | |
| miR-185-3p | miR-185-3p can increase the radioresistance of NPC cells to irradiation; miR-185-3p can affect EMT process | targeting the coding region of Wnt2B; activating the WNT2B/β-catenin pathway | 48 | |
| miR-19b-3p | miR-19b-3p overexpression result in decreased sensitivity to irradiation | activating the TNFAIP3/ NF-κB axis | an independent predictor for reduced patient survival. | 55 |
| miR-125b | miR-125b increment is significantly correlated with NPC radioresistance | targeting A20 and then activating the NF-κB signaling pathway | an independent predictor for poor patient survival | 56 |
| miR-205 | miR-205 is significantly elevated followed the radiotherapy | targeting PTEN | 67 | |
| miR‑222 | miR‑222 upregulation confer radioresistance. | targeting PTEN; regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | 90 | |
| miR-20a-5p | miR-20a-5p promotes NPC radio-resistance. | 1)targeting Rab27B 2)targeting NPAS2; regulating Notch pathway |
91,92 | |
| miR-206 | miR-206 is down-regulated in radioresistant NPC cells | targeting IGF1 and inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway | 93 | |
| miR-504 | miR-504 is up-regulated during different weeks of radiotherapy | targeting NRF1 and disturbing mitochondrial respiratory function | patients with high expression of miR-504 exhibits a relatively lower therapeutic effect ratio of complete response, but a higher ratio of partial response | 94 |
| MicroRNAs contributing to radiosensitivity | ||||
| miR-203 | miR-203 is frequently downregulated in the radioresistant NPC tissues | targeting IL8 and then activating the IL8/AKT signaling pathway | its decrement significantly correlated with NPC radioresistance and poor patient survival | 62 |
| miR-23a | miR-23a is frequently downregulated in the radioresistant NPC tissues | activating IL-8/Stat3 signaling | its decrement correlated with NPC radioresistance and poor patient survival | 95 |
| miR‐24 | miR‐24 suppress NPC cell viability and sensitize NPC cells to IR. miR-24 levels are significantly decreased in recurrent NPC | 1)targeting Specificity protein 1 (SP1); 2)by directly regulating Jab1/CSN5 (targeting both 3'UTR and 5'UTR) | serve as prognostic markers for NPC recurrence | 96,97 |
| miR‑495 | miR‑495 inhibition lead to a significant increase in the radioresistance; involved in EMT process | targeting GRP78 | 98 | |