The principle and procedure of the mcfDNA sequencing test for identifying pathogens causing invasive infection. (A) A schematic drawing of the possible origin, release, and degradation of mcfDNA. Infections at diverse body sites can produce circulating pathogen cfDNA. However, existing studies have not provided sufficient evidence to show the true contribution of various immune cells and biological components in the process of mcfDNA generation, which requires additional research to explore. (B) A workflow of the mcfDNA sequencing test. The figure is adapted with permission from 87, copyright © 2019, Springer Nature.