Table 1:

Experimental design of PIT Training. Rats are trained in two distinct phases. In the instrumental phase, rats learn 2 sperate response-outcome (R-O) associations. In the Pavlovian phase, rats learn 3 separate CS-O associations, with 2 of the outcomes from these Pavlovian associations overlap with 2 of the outcomes from the instrumental associations. During PIT testing, rats are given continuous access to the lever, and the CSs from Pavlovian conditioning are presented intermittently to determine their influence on instrumental responding. During testing, no outcomes are delivered.

Instrumental Training	Pavlovian Conditioning	PIT Testing
R1–01	CS1–01	CS1: R1 v R2
R2–02	CS2–02	CS2: R1 V R2
	CS3–03	CS3: R1 v R2