Figure 7.

A, Average activity of posterior deltoid in curl (thick) and orthogonal (thin) counterclockwise perturbations across the last 15 trials of each type of force field. B, Same as a for pectoralis major from clockwise perturbations. C, Difference between activities recorded during curl and orthogonal force fields averaged across participants and muscles. The onset of significant changes based on a 30-ms-wide sliding window is highlighted with one star (p < 0.05), followed by strongly significant differences (two stars, p < 0.005). D, Average hand paths during counterclockwise perturbations. Ellipses are two-dimensional standard dispersion across participants every 50 ms, and the impact of the force field is illustrated with the gray arrow (a common scaling for the two force fields was applied for illustration). The open dots are the moment when the activities started to differ across two types of perturbations.