Table 3.
Sex-specific nutrient and energy intakes according to the lowest (Q1) and highest quartile (Q4) of each dietary pattern found among Inner Mongolia adults (n 1861), northern China, 2015
| ‘High protein’ pattern | P | ‘Traditional northern’ pattern | P | ‘Modern’ pattern | P | ‘Condiments’ pattern | P | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | |||||||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |||||
| Males | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy (kJ/d) | 6669·80 | 3765·14 | 9617·30 | 4629·93 | <0·001 | 8535·99 | 7557·56 | 9725·12 | 3798·24 | <0·001 | 6253·78 | 3226·95 | 11 208·81 | 6575·45 | <0·001 | 6870·09 | 3148·29 | 10 783·61 | 7252·80 | <0·001 |
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1594·12 | 899·89 | 2298·59 | 1106·58 | <0·001 | 2040·15 | 1806·30 | 2324·36 | 907·80 | <0·001 | 1494·69 | 771·26 | 2678·97 | 1571·57 | <0·001 | 1641·99 | 752·46 | 2566·59 | 1733·46 | <0·001 |
| Energy intake from dinner (%) | 40·00 | 12·77 | 33·72 | 9·79 | <0·001 | 33·76 | 12·33 | 36·80 | 10·20 | <0·001 | 33·92 | 12·52 | 34·98 | 10·15 | 0·460 | 30·78 | 10·86 | 38·26 | 11·46 | <0·001 |
| Total fat (g/d) | 54·89 | 38·40 | 83·71 | 53·88 | <0·001 | 55·01 | 33·09 | 95·73 | 63·25 | <0·001 | 61·56 | 58·52 | 81·85 | 47·26 | <0·001 | 56·48 | 40·11 | 84·07 | 59·24 | <0·001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 197·25 | 75·75 | 285·83 | 118·53 | <0·001 | 223·86 | 123·23 | 287·64 | 121·54 | <0·001 | 186·74 | 65·74 | 321·37 | 134·02 | <0·001 | 227·18 | 101·60 | 272·75 | 127·40 | <0·001 |
| Protein (g/d) | 36·57 | 16·68 | 75·40 | 31·31 | <0·001 | 47·22 | 24·56 | 68·72 | 32·26 | <0·001 | 41·91 | 26·13 | 73·17 | 29·73 | <0·001 | 48·60 | 24·32 | 58·87 | 30·46 | <0·001 |
| Energy intake from carbohydrates (%) | 53·76 | 13·27 | 51·39 | 10·37* | 0·109 | 51·09 | 13·58 | 50·79 | 11·85* | <0·001 | 54·20 | 12·67 | 51·51 | 12·14* | 0·099 | 56·65 | 9·91 | 47·57 | 13·81* | <0·001 |
| Energy intake from fat (%) | 30·71 | 14·08 | 32·44 | 10·32† | 0·235 | 28·30 | 12·20 | 35·81 | 13·11† | <0·001 | 32·93 | 13·40 | 29·37 | 10·58 | 0·017 | 29·89 | 10·17 | 31·68 | 14·42† | 0·333 |
| Energy intake from protein (%) | 9·90 | 2·92 | 13·61 | 3·72† | <0·001 | 11·33 | 4·40 | 11·93 | 3·32 | 0·115 | 11·27 | 3·18 | 12·02 | 3·61† | 0·082 | 11·95 | 2·50 | 10·41 | 4·16 | <0·001 |
| Fibre (g/d) | 5·97 | 3·78 | 9·00 | 4·98 | <0·001 | 5·88 | 3·49 | 10·15 | 5·53 | <0·001 | 5·59 | 4·12 | 11·22 | 4·89 | <0·001 | 7·40 | 5·40 | 7·87 | 4·21 | 0·667 |
| Ca (mg/d) | 186·77 | 93·70 | 390·28 | 192·71 | <0·001 | 300·79 | 170·91 | 336·08 | 189·45 | <0·001 | 236·84 | 203·18 | 385·88 | 145·10 | <0·001 | 313·72 | 138·81 | 277·82 | 157·12 | 0·070 |
| K (g/d) | 0·85 | 0·43 | 1·74 | 0·78 | <0·001 | 1·04 | 0·55 | 1·86 | 0·75 | <0·001 | 1·10 | 0·80 | 1·80 | 0·68 | <0·001 | 1·19 | 0·66 | 1·44 | 0·76 | 0·001 |
| Na (g/d) | 4·24 | 2·74 | 5·41 | 4·60 | 0·006 | 5·97 | 5·81 | 5·30 | 4·30 | 0·002 | 5·65 | 5·54 | 4·81 | 2·96 | 0·196 | 3·44 | 1·76 | 8·06 | 6·28 | <0·001 |
| Na:K | 6·08 | 4·63 | 3·42 | 2·85 | <0·001 | 6·90 | 8·70 | 3·15 | 2·79 | <0·001 | 6·86 | 8·58 | 2·92 | 1·85 | <0·001 | 3·55 | 2·23 | 7·24 | 8·41 | <0·001 |
| Females | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy (kJ/d) | 5520·37 | 2375·63 | 8099·43 | 3651·54 | <0·001 | 5626·02 | 3011·85 | 9181·75 | 3556·48 | <0·001 | 5600·74 | 3187·33 | 8669·46 | 3818·11 | <0·001 | 5780·95 | 2266·05 | 8006·96 | 4017·94 | <0·001 |
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1319·40 | 567·79 | 1935·81 | 872·74 | <0·001 | 1344·65 | 719·85 | 2194·49 | 850·02 | <0·001 | 1338·61 | 761·79 | 2072·05 | 912·55 | <0·001 | 1381·68 | 541·60 | 1913·71 | 960·31 | <0·001 |
| Energy intake from dinner (%) | 39·35 | 12·08 | 32·71 | 9·09 | <0·001 | 33·36 | 11·61 | 36·44 | 10·12 | 0·018 | 34·21 | 12·77 | 35·17 | 9·59 | 0·589 | 29·03 | 10·00 | 36·54 | 9·64 | <0·001 |
| Total fat (g/d) | 55·67 | 41·63 | 79·10 | 63·83 | <0·001 | 51·63 | 29·13 | 95·50 | 65·74 | <0·001 | 59·23 | 65·47 | 75·06 | 38·69 | <0·001 | 48·77 | 28·96 | 86·12 | 67·71 | <0·001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 166·41 | 62·57 | 239·01 | 112·34 | <0·001 | 167·96 | 70·80 | 267·62 | 120·34 | <0·001 | 161·72 | 60·61 | 270·38 | 125·94 | <0·001 | 191·70 | 76·66 | 218·56 | 94·88 | <0·001 |
| Protein (g/d) | 33·71 | 15·44 | 62·93 | 28·95 | <0·001 | 40·49 | 22·60 | 60·95 | 29·16 | <0·001 | 36·49 | 20·78 | 64·35 | 29·68 | <0·001 | 40·56 | 17·73 | 50·83 | 27·80 | <0·001 |
| Energy intake from carbohydrates (%) | 53·08 | 12·93 | 50·36 | 10·27* | 0·002 | 52·15 | 11·31 | 50·11 | 12·73* | <0·001 | 52·96 | 13·93 | 52·48 | 10·20* | 0·892 | 56·37 | 9·74 | 48·37 | 12·66* | <0·001 |
| Energy intake from fat (%) | 35·19 | 14·09 | 35·33 | 11·01† | 0·036 | 34·11 | 11·37 | 37·62 | 14·07† | <0·001 | 34·79 | 14·78 | 33·11 | 10·60† | 0·442 | 30·80 | 10·12 | 38·87 | 14·06† | <0·001 |
| Energy intake from protein (%) | 10·53 | 2·93 | 13·47 | 3·57† | <0·001 | 12·28 | 3·56 | 11·31 | 3·18 | 0·007 | 11·32 | 3·24 | 12·65 | 3·04† | <0·001 | 11·86 | 2·54 | 10·96 | 3·52 | <0·001 |
| Fibre (g/d) | 6·10 | 3·93 | 8·09 | 5·11 | <0·001 | 5·68 | 3·96 | 9·79 | 5·95 | <0·001 | 5·02 | 3·56 | 11·14 | 5·63 | <0·001 | 6·87 | 4·95 | 7·69 | 4·83 | 0·014 |
| Ca (mg/d) | 181·16 | 99·99 | 363·75 | 187·76 | <0·001 | 282·30 | 177·55 | 327·07 | 203·76 | <0·001 | 231·24 | 207·12 | 361·72 | 149·27 | <0·001 | 282·41 | 135·15 | 279·57 | 189·57 | 0·030 |
| K (g/d) | 0·85 | 0·45 | 1·55 | 0·77 | <0·001 | 0·96 | 0·56 | 1·78 | 0·75 | <0·001 | 0·98 | 0·68 | 1·70 | 0·71 | <0·001 | 1·07 | 0·59 | 1·36 | 0·75 | <0·001 |
| Na (g/d) | 4·30 | 2·57 | 5·30 | 4·57 | 0·005 | 5·54 | 5·14 | 5·29 | 3·51 | 0·006 | 5·25 | 4·99 | 4·44 | 2·61 | 0·096 | 3·24 | 1·75 | 8·42 | 6·27 | <0·001 |
| Na:K | 6·22 | 4·87 | 3·80 | 3·02 | <0·001 | 6·94 | 7·92 | 3·42 | 2·75 | <0·001 | 6·81 | 7·72 | 2·83 | 1·71 | <0·001 | 3·76 | 2·47 | 7·89 | 8·26 | <0·001 |
*
Compared with Q1, the mean ± sd is lower than the reference range.
†
Compared with Q1, the mean ± sd is higher than the reference range.