Activation of AMPK-PP2A axis and inhibition of IIS in insect fat body reduce food consumption and restrict growth rate. (A–D) Changes in lethality (A), phenotype (B), body weight (C), and percentage of pupariation (D) following the metformin treatment of different dosages in Bombyx on L5D2. (E–H) Changes in percentage of pupariation (E), pupa size (F), body weight (G), and food consumption (H) in ppl > W1118 (control), ppl > AMPKCA, ppl > PP2ACA, ppl > PTEN, and ppl > Dp110DN. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.