Table 1.

Examples of open source critical medical devices.

Description	Source	\Limitations
NanoHack Protective Mask: Provides basic protection for from airborne particles.	Files: https://copper3d.com/hackthepandemic/ https://3dprint.nih.gov/discover/3dpx-013667	-Proof-of-concept design -Requires a proprietary antimicrobial material -Last resort device, intended for the general public use -Difficult to sterilize
H Connector for Ventilators: Expanded use of a single ventilator to ventilate four simulated adults	Files: https://copper3d.com/hconnector/	-Proof of concept design -Need mechanical characterization data -Only compatible with 22 mm tubbing -Difficult to sterilize
Prusa Protective Face Shield: Provides protection from large splashes.	Files: https://www.prusaprinters.org/prints/25857-prusa-protective-face-shield-rc1	-Requires third-party shield -Difficult to sterilize -Requires the use of antimicrobial polymer
Reanimation valve: Connects to a Venturi Oxygen mask to regulate the percentage of oxygen delivery.	Files: https://grabcad.com/library/respirator-free-reanimation-venturi-s-valve-1	-Proof of concept design -Need mechanical characterization data -Difficult to sterilize
Hands-Free Door Opener: Attaches to door handle to prevent microbial contamination.	Files: https://www.materialize.com/en/hands-free-door-opener	-Requires third-party hardware -Difficult to sterilize