Table 1.
Landmark analyses in 2-year clinical outcomes.
| Overall population | AMI subpopulation | UA subpopulation | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discharged with β-blockers (n = 5,043) | Discharged without β-blockers (n = 588) | HR (95% CI) | P value | Discharged with β-blockers (n = 1,444) | Discharged without β-blockers (n = 116) | HR (95% CI) | P value | Discharged with β-blockers (n = 3,599) | Discharged without β-blockers (n = 472) | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| 0-2 years | ||||||||||||
| Death | 47 (0.9) | 8 (1.4) | 0.69 (0.32-1.47) | 0.336 | 16 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | 31 (0.9) | 8 (1.7) | 0.42 (0.19-0.94) | 0.034 |
| Cardiac death | 24 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 0.94 (028-3.18) | 0.925 | 10 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | 14 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | 0.36 (0.10-1.32) | 0.123 |
| MI | 29 (0.6) | 5 (0.9) | 0.63 (0.24-1.63) | 0.338 | 8 (0.6) | 2 (1.7) | 0.32 (0.07-1.54) | 0.156 | 21 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | 0.84 (0.25-2.81) | 0.772 |
| MACCE | 538 (10.7) | 61 (10.4) | 0.93 (0.72-1.22) | 0.614 | 155 (10.7) | 12 (10.3) | 1.02 (0.57-1.85) | 0.935 | 383 (10.6) | 49 (10.4) | 0.91 (0.67-1.22) | 0.517 |
| 0-1 year | ||||||||||||
| Death | 17 (0.3) | 4 (0.7) | 0.55 (0.18-1.73) | 0.316 | 10 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | 7 (0.2) | 4 (0.8) | 0.17 (0.04-0.65) | 0.010 |
| Cardiac death | 7 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 0.61 (0.11-3.26) | 0.562 | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.4) | 0.12 (0.01-0.99) | 0.049 |
| MI | 14 (0.3) | 4 (0.7) | 0.40 (0.13-1.22) | 0.106 | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.9) | 0.32 (0.03-3.07) | 0.322 | 11 (0.3) | 3 (0.6) | 0.69 (0.15-3.14) | 0.633 |
| MACCE | 354 (7.0) | 39 (6.6) | 0.94 (0.68-1.32) | 0.749 | 107 (7.4) | 11 (9.5) | 0.77 (0.41-1.44) | 0.409 | 247 (6.9) | 28 (5.9) | 1.01 (0.68-1.50) | 0.954 |
| >1 year-2 years | ||||||||||||
| Death | 30 (0.6) | 4 (0.7) | 0.80 (0.28-2.30) | 0.677 | 6 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | 24 (0.67) | 4 (0.85) | 0.66 (0.22-1.95) | 0.455 |
| Cardiac death | 17 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 1.68 (0.22-12.80) | 0.614 | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA | 12 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0.84 (0.11-6.80) | 0.874 |
| MI | 15 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 1.56 (0.21-11.80) | 0.669 | 5 (0.4) | 1 (0.9) | 0.35 (0.04-3.03) | 0.341 | 10 (0.28) | 0 (0.00) | NA | NA |
| MACCE | 184 (3.9) | 22 (4.0) | 0.91 (0.58-1.42) | 0.684 | 48 (3.6) | 1 (1.0) | 3.88 (0.53-28.16) | 0.181 | 136 (4.1) | 21 (4.7) | 0.76 (0.48-1.21) | 0.253 |
Values are presented as n (%). Variables with a P value < 0.05 in the univariate Cox proportional hazard model were included. In the overall population, for all-cause death, the variables, namely, age, stroke, COPD, prior PCI, CCr < 60 mL/min, LVEF, heart rate, rSS, and clopidogrel use, were adjusted. For cardiac death, the variables, namely, age, prior MI, prior PCI, prior CABG, CCr < 60 mL/min, LVEF, heart rate, rSS, and clopidogrel use, were adjusted. for MI, the variables, namely, CCr < 60 mL/min, prior CABG, and rSS, were adjusted. For MACCE, the variables, namely, diabetes, stroke, prior MI, prior CABG, LVEF, rSS, LAD lesion, and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor use, were adjusted. In the UA subpopulation, variables of age, COPD, LVEF, and clopidogrel use were adjusted for all-cause death; age, COPD, prior coronary artery bypass graft, LVEF, heart rate, rSS, IABP use, and clopidogrel use were adjusted for cardiac death; variables of prior CABG, LVEF, and rSS were adjusted for MI; variables of diabetes, stroke, prior MI, prior CABG, SS, rSS, LAD lesion, IABP use, and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor use were adjusted for MACCE. In the AMI subpopulation, variables of age, sex, stroke, prior PCI, current smoking, CCr < 60 mL/min, and left main lesion were adjusted for all-cause death; variables of age, prior MI, prior PCI, PAD, left main lesion, CCr < 60 mL/min, and rSS were adjusted for cardiac death; variables of PAD, left main lesion, and rSS were adjusted for MI; variables of LAD lesion, rSS, and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor use were adjusted for MACCE. CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; IABP: intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LVEF: left ventricular ejection function; MACCE: major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events; MI: myocardial infarction; PAD: peripheral vascular disease.