Table 1.
Integrated IPV/HIV interventions targeting or including adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa
| Study | Location | Participant Characteristics | Intervention Description | Study Characteristics | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abramsky et al. 2014 | Rubaga and Makindye Divisons, Kampala, Uganda. |
2,532 men and women at F/U Avg age men: 27 years; avg age women:28 yrs | 4 yrs, 5 mo. 1. No specific dosage of community mobilization activities: advocacy and media on local media channels, communication materials, training. 2. CG wait-listed |
Pair-matched CRCT; 4-year F/U survey. IPV outcomes: a priori; social acceptability IPV; women’s PYr exp. IPV. HIV outcome: SRBs | At 4-yr F/U, lower acceptance of IPV among women; higher acceptance of a woman refusing sex among women. Decreased past year sexual concurrency among men. |
| Jewkes et al. 2008 | Eastern Cape province of South Africa | 2,776 men and women 16–23 years old. | 6–8 wks, 1. Thirteen 1-hr sessions in single-sex groups (role play, drama, critical reflection); 3 meetings; one community meeting; 2. CG 3-hr session on HIV risk. |
CRCT; F/U at 12- mo. and 24- mo. F/U rate 75% for men and women at 12 mo., 73% of women and 69% of men at 24 mo. IPV outcome: IPV incidence questionnaire. HIV: biological outcomes; SRBs. | Intervention was not associated with lower HIV acquisition; associated with lower HISV-2. No significant effect on reported IPV perp among men. |
| Kalichman et al. 2009 | Cape Town, South Africa | 475 men. Avg age 30.2 years (standard deviation 9.5). | 1 wk 1. 5 small group sessions (skill building, goal setting, risk identification, condom use skill building, sexual communication training) 2. CG: 3-hour HIV/ alcohol risk session; no IPV component. |
Quasi-experimental intervention trial; F/U at 1-mo, 3-mo, and 6-mo. Participant retention greater than 90%. IPV outcome: 7-item domestic violence scale; past mo. IPV perp. HIV: 11-item HIV knowledge test; 4-item stigma scale; SRB intent. | Increased discussion of condoms with partner at 1-month F/U; increased reporting of HIV testing at 3-mo F/U; increased intention to reduce SRBs, decreased reporting of past-mo. physical IPV perp at 6-mo F/U. |
| Mathews et al. 2016 | Western Cape, South Africa | 3,451 Grade 8 participants. Avg age 13 years. | 21 wks 1. Weekly 1–1.5 hr after-school sessions (interactive and skill based group sessions); weekly access to PREPARE school nurse; two-day training for school safety teams. 2. CG: attended school as usual |
CRCT; F/U at 6- mo. and 12- months. 94% retention at 6 mo. and 88% retention at 12 mo. IPV outcome: IPV exp and perp past 6 months. HIV: SRBs | No significant association between intervention and SRBs at 6-mo. or 12 mo. F/U. At 12 mo. F/U, participants less likely to report IPV exp. |
| Pronyk et al. 2006 | Rural Limpopo province of South Africa | 6,576 men and women. 860 women in Cohort 1 exposed to intervention. Avg age Cohort 1: 41 years. Cohort 2: persons 14–35 yrs old sleeping in Cohort 1 household; Cohort 3: 14–35 de jure residents of Cohort 1 households. | 12–15 mo. 1. Cohort 1: Microfinance group meetings every 2 wks over 10 or 20 wk cycles; 1-hr gender and HIV training session every 2 wks; Community mobilization for 6–9 mo. following training. 2. CG wait-listed |
CRCT; F/U at 2 yrs (Cohort 1 and Cohort 2) and 3 years (Cohort 3). At 2 yr F/U, study retained 90% of intervention cohort 1 and 84% of CG cohort 1. IPV outcome: PYr IPV exp. HIV: biological outcome; SRBs | 2-yr F/U Cohort 1 less likely to report PYr IPV exp. Intervention not associated with decreased SRBs or decreased HIV acquisition in Cohorts 2 and 3. |
| Wagman et al. 2015 | Rakai, Uganda | 11,448 individuals 15–49 yrs (no avg age provided) | 4 years No specific dosage 1. Community mobilization activities (activism, campaigns, newsletters, peer groups, support counseling). 2. CG: routine HIV prevention and treatment services. |
CRCT; F/U at 16 mo. and 35 mo. after baseline. Retention 57% at 35-month F/U. IPV outcome: Conflict Tactic Scales PYr exp and perp. HIV: biological outcome; SRBs | Intervention associated with decreased exp of physical and sexual IPV at 35-mo. follow up. SHARE associated with decreased HIV acquisition. |
Average = avg; Cluster randomized control trial = CRCT; Comparison Group = CG; Experience = exp; Follow up = F/U; Hour = hr; Month = mo.; Past year = PYr; Perpetration = perp; Sexual risk behaviors = SRBs; Weeks = Wk; Year(s) =Yr(s); World Health Organization Violence Against Women = WHO VAW