Table 3.
Odds of Having an Infection during the First Three Years of Life and during the Neonatal Period for Children with ASD with Regression vs. Children with ASD without Regression
| Caregiver interviews | Regression (n = 178) | No regression (n = 494) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Ever infection | 94(52.8) | 252(51.0) | 1.07(0.81–1.43) | 1.04(0.74–1.46) |
| Age of infectionb | ||||
| Never infection | 84(47.5) | 242(49.8) | REF | REF |
| Infection only in first year of life | 25(14.1) | 44(9.1) | 1.64(1.27–2.12)d | 1.60(1.14–2.26)d |
| Infection only in second year of life | 9(5.1) | 35(7.2) | 0.74(0.33–1.65) | 0.67(0.27–1.68) |
| Infection only in third year of life | 6(3.4) | 33(6.8) | 0.52(0.13–2.19) | 0.47(0.09–2.39) |
| Infection during multiple time periods | 53(29.9) | 132(27.2) | 1.16(0.87–1.54) | 1.16(0.86–1.55) |
| Neonatal records | Regression (n = 147) | No regression (n = 423) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) |
| Ever infectionc | 6(4.1) | 23(5.4) | 0.74(0.26–2.12) | 0.95(0.32–2.87) |
| Low temperaturec | 2(1.4) | 7(1.7) | 0.82(0.10–6.86) | 0.97(0.11–8.99) |
| High temperature | 8(5.4) | 10(2.4) | 2.38(1.08–5.22)d | 2.21(0.97–5.02) |
Abbreviations: ASD = Autism spectrum disorder; OR = Odds ratio.
a
All models adjusted for child sex, maternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, and maternal age at birth, and accounted for correlation by enrollment site.
b
Age of infection is a five-level variable; OR’s are calculated separately for each age category, comparing children in that category to those who never had an infection; age of infection missing for 1 child with ASD with regression and 8 children with ASD without regression.
c
Additional adjustment for: Child birthweight.
d
Statistically significant.