| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Bishop 2010 | The comparison studied is not included: multifaceted intervention comprising PEM + reminder vs. usual care |
| Croudace 2003 | The comparison studied is not included: multifaceted intervention comprising PEM + educational meeting vs. usual care |
| Emslie 1993 | The comparison studied is not included: PEM + reminder vs. usual care |
| Engers 2005 | The comparison studied is not included: multifaceted intervention comprising PEM + workshop vs. no intervention |
| Evans 2010 | Outcomes are not objective (knowledge test) |
| Ferrari 2005 | PEM only vs. usual care + information sheet |
| Fontaine 2006 | The intervention was a reminder |
| Hazard 1997 | The comparison studied is not included: multifaceted intervention comprising PEM + patient‐mediated reminder vs. usual care |
| Hunskaar 1996 | Outcomes were not objective |
| Jackevicius 1999 | Outcomes were not objective |
| Jain 2006 | The comparison studied was not included (PEM was used as control): PEM as part of a multifaceted intervention vs. PEM |
| Janmeja 2009 | The intervention was addressed at patients and not at healthcare professionals |
| Kocher 2003 | This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the guideline, and not its effectiveness to change professional practice |
| Kulkarni 1998 | Study design |
| Maiman 1988 | The comparison studied is not included (PEM is used as control): PEM + tutorial vs. PEM |
| Majumdar 2008 | The comparison studied was not included: PEM + reminder vs. usual care |
| Martino 2011 | Study design |
| Mettes 2010 | The comparison studied was not included (PEM is used as control): PEM + multifaceted intervention vs. PEM |
| Mockiene 2011 | The outcome was not objective |
| Mollon 2009 | Study design |
| Morse 2009 | Study design |
| Ozgun 2010 | Study design |
| Perez‐Jauregui 2008 | The intervention is a reminder. |
| Richardson 2002 | Outcomes were not objective |
| Schwartz 2007 | The comparison is not included: PEM + conference vs. usual care |
| Simon 2007 | The comparison was not included: PEM + academic detailing vs. no intervention |
| Steffensen 1997 | The report of this study did not provide pre‐intervention data |
PEM: printed educational material.