Table 1.

Adolescent meta-analytic sample descriptives

Study	N	Grade	Age range	Age	% Female	Sample	Geographic	Marijuana Outcome (s)	Alcohol Outcome (s)	ENDS Outcome (s)
Camenga et al., 2014	1411	9–12	-	-	52.70^a	High School	New York	1. Past month	1. Past month 2. Binge past month	1. Past 30 days
Dai et al., 2018	10364	-	12–17y	-	48.9	Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study	United States	-	1. Ever use	1. Ever use
de Lacy et al., 2017	28634	7–11 year	11–17	13.6	52	2015 School Health Research Network	Wales	1. Ever use 2. Past 30 days	1. Current use	1. Ever use
Demissie et al., 2017	13953	9–12 grade	-	-	-	2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey	United States	1. Past 30 days	1. Past 30 days	1. Past 30 days
Dunbar et al., 2017	2193	-		17	54	2015 Project Choice (Wave 7)	Los Angeles, California^*	1. Past year	1. Past year 2. Past year heavy episode (>5 drinks)	1. Past year
Enlow, 2018	519	9–12th grade	11–18y	15.99	57.9	High School	West Virginia, suburban Ohio, and Pennsylvania	1. combined score of frequency and initiation age	1. Ever use	1. Ever use
Geidne et al., 2016	661	9	15–16	15.5	51.36	2014 School as a Setting for ANDT prevention	Sweden	-	1. Tried 2. Used or use currently	1. Ever use
Hughes et al., 2015	9699	-	14–17		50.8	Trading Standards North West Alcohol and Tobacco Survey	North West England	-	1. < 1 per week 2. < 1 per week, any binge 3. ≥ 1 per week 4. ≥ 1 per week, any binge	1. Ever tried or purchased^b
Jiang et al., 2016	45857	7–12		14.8	48.6	School-based Survey on Smoking	Hong Kong, China	-	1. Less than monthly 2. Greater than monthly	1. Past 30 days
Kaleta et al., 2016	3552	-	13–19		44	Secondary and High School	Piotrkowski district, Poland	-	1. Binge and moderate	1. Ever use 2. Past 30 days
Kong et al., 2017	716	-	15–18	-	51.5	High School	Ufa, Sterlitamak, and Karagaevo, Russia	1. Ever use	1. Ever use	1. Ever use
Kristjansson et al., 2015 ^*	2963	10^th grade	15–16	-	50.8	2015 Youth in Iceland	Iceland	1. Ever use	1. Ever use 2. Ever drunkenness	1. Ever use
Leventhal et al., 2016	2557	9^th grade	-	14.09	49.5	High School	Los Angeles, California	1. Cannabis Abuse Screening Test 2. Ever use	1. Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index 2. Ever use	1. Ever use
Miech et al., 2015 ^*	18100	8–12^th grade	-	-	50.82	2014 Monitoring the Future	United States	1. Past 30 days	1. Binge past 2 weeks	1. Past 30 days
Milicic & Leatherdale, 2017	39837	9–12^th grade	>18	-	49.98	2014/2015 COMPASS	Ontario and Alberta, Canada	1. Ever use, not in past year 2. Past 12 month use	1. Past year, less than monthly binge 2. Past year, once a month 3. Past year, weekly	1. Past 30 days
Morean, et al., 2016 ^*	2241	9–12^th grade	-	15.6	54.4	High School	Connecticut	-	1. Past 30 days	1. Past 30 days
Suris et al., 2015 ^*	621	10^th grade	-	16.21	47.94	Recruited as 8^th grade students	French Switzerland	1. Past 30 days	1. Past 30 days drunkenness	1. Ever use 2. Past 30 days
Westling et al., 2017	1091^**	8^th grade	-	14.4	48.8	Middle School	Oregon	1. Ever use 2. Past 30 days	1. Ever use 2. Past 30 days	1. Ever use 2. Past 30 days
Williams & White, 2018	3518	-	12–17y	-	49.9	Victorian component of the Australian Secondary Students’ Alcohol and Drug (ASSAD) survey	Australia	1. Ever use	1. Past year use 2. Past week risky drinking (>5 drinks)	1. past 12 month daily use 2. Ever use vs no use 3. Ever use vs cigarette use
Wills et al., 2017	2338	9–11^th grade	14–16	14.7	53	High School	Hawaii	1. 0 (never use) to 6 (daily)	-	1. 0 (never use) to 6 (daily)

Note.

Estimate based on sample of

“Have you ever tried or purchased ENDS?”, classified as ENDS use

Effect size calculated based on 2×2, ENDS x substance use table

^**

At wave 7 (used for present study), some youth had moved nationally and internationally