Table 3.

Results of the Multivariate Regression Analysis Predicting Adolescent Outcomes From Preschool Level of Adolescent Outcome Construct and Preschool Delay of Gratification

		Preschool level of outcome				Delay of Gratification
Outcome	n	β	SE	F	p	β	SE	F	p
Academic achievement	600	0.37	0.04	F(1, 597) = 91.82	< .001	0.04	0.08	F(1, 597) = 0.30	.58
Emotion regulation	546	0.35	0.04	F(1, 543) = 75.53	< .001	−0.10	0.08	F(1, 543) = 1.40	.24
Personality	699	−0.04	0.04	F(1, 696) = 0.94	.33	0.09	0.08	F(1, 696) = 0.06	.23
Problem behavior	744	0.39	0.04	F(1, 741) = 125.13	< .001	−0.18	0.07	F(1, 741) = 6.45	.01
Social skills	732	0.31	0.04	F(1, 729) = 67.70	< .001	0.08	0.07	F(1, 729) = 1.27	.26

Note: Preschool delay of gratification was dummy coded for marshmallow-test behavior (1 = delayed full 7 min, 0 = did not delay full 7 min).