Table 5.

Nested Comparisons for Adolescent Problem-Behavior Intercept Models

Nested model	Augmented model	χ2	p
${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}delaye{r}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	8.98	.003
${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}self-contro{l}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	244.51	< .001
${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}\mathrm{social}{\mathrm{support}}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	466.34	< .001
${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}delaye{r}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}delaye{r}_i+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{02}self-contro{l}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	213.79	< .001
${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}self-contro{l}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}delaye{r}_i+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{02}self-contro{l}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	0.08	.779
${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}delaye{r}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}delaye{r}_i+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{02}socialsuppor{t}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	396.95	< .001
${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}\mathrm{social}{\mathrm{support}}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	${\mathrm{\pi }}_{0i}={\mathrm{\beta }}_{00}+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{01}delaye{r}_i+{\mathrm{\beta }}_{02}socialsuppor{t}_i+{\mathrm{\mu }}_{0i}$	50.19	.667

Note: The p values reflect a test of the difference in the deviance statistics for each pair of nested models, which is distributed as approximately χ² with 2 degrees of freedom. A p value less than .05 indicates that the augmented model provides a significantly better fit to the data than the nested model. “Delayer” is a dummy variable coded as 1 for individuals who waited the full 7 min in the marshmallow test and 0 for individuals who did not.