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. 2020 Apr 2;19(6):3454–3460. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8638

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of melatonin on mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and ATP production in VSMCs. (A) Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate in FBS-stimulated primary rat VSMCs treated with or without melatonin for 24 h, following exposure to oligomycin (1 µM), CCCP (2 µM) and rotenone (1 µM). (B) Rates of basal respiration, (C) maximal respiratory capacity and (D) ATP-linked respiration in VSMCs shown in (A). Data were normalized against protein content and are presented as the mean ± SEM (n=4). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; CCCP, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone.