Open fractures
Pathological fractures (including impending pathological fractures)
Select closed fractures that, if left untreated for >30 days, may lead to loss of function or permanent disability
Irreducible dislocation of native or prosthetic joints
Penetrating wounds into bone or joints
Penetrating nervous system injury
Peripheral nerve injuries and compression syndromes with severe symptoms
Spinal column injury causing instability with or without symptoms
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Procedures performed to diagnose cancer that will lead to active treatment
Biopsy-proven cancer with risk of metastasis or progression of disease
Biopsy for nodule/mass with risk of cancer diagnosis
Spinal column tumor with clinical and radiographic evidence of spinal cord compression (weakness, bowel/bladder dysfunction, sensory changes, pain) or intractable pain
Lymph node biopsy
Ancillary procedures related to cancer care
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Deep-tissue infection
Periprosthetic infection
Joint infection
Necrotizing fasciitis
Wound infection
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Compartment syndrome
Amputations related to limb ischemia/infection/trauma
Wound dehiscence
Hematoma evacuation
Displaced meniscal tears associated with locked knee
Select acute ligament disruptions
Tendon lacerations and ruptures
Cerebrospinal fluid leak
Cord compression or cauda equina syndrome causing myelopathy or rapidly evolving loss of neurological function
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