Table 1. Examples of Molecular Diagnostic Tests Used to Detect Viral Genetic Material in SARS-CoV-2.
test name | test type | manufacturer/organization name | sample source | gene or region detected | test result time/additional information | throughput information | EUAb | country of approval |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ID NOW COVID-19 | isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology | Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough, Inc. | nasal, nasopharyngeal and throat swabs | RdRP gene | positive results <5 min and negative results in 13 min | 1 sample/run | US FDA 3/27/2020 | United States |
iAMP COVID-19 detection kit | real-time RT isothermal amplification test | Atila BioSystems, Inc. D11 | nasal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swabs | ORF1ab and/or N gene | results <1.5 h | high throughputa | US FDA 4/10/2020 | United States |
BioFire COVID-19 test | multiplex real-time RT-PCR | BioFire Defense, LLC | nasopharyngeal swabs | ORF1ab and ORF8 | results in ∼45 min | 94 samples/run | US FDA 3/23/2020 | United States |
CDC 2019- Novel Coronavirus Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel | real-time RT-PCR | CDC-US | nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal aspirates/washes/swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tracheal aspirates, sputum | N gene | human RNase P gene used as control | 264 samples/day | US FDA 2/4/2020 | United States |
Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test | real-time RT-PCR | Cepheid | nasopharyngeal, nasal, and midturbinate swabs | N2 and E genes | results in ∼45 min with <1 min of hands-on time | high throughputa | US FDA 3/20/2020 | Australia, Canada, Singapore, United States |
CRISPR-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 | CRISPR-based lateral flow assay isothermal amplification | Cepheid Sherlock Biosciences | respiratory samples | viral RNA | combines Sherlock’s Cas12 and Cas13 enzymes for nucleic acid detection with Cepheid’s GeneXpert test-processing instruments | US FDA 3/20/2020 | United States | |
VitaPCR SARS-CoV-2 assay | real-time PCR | Credo Diagnostics Biomedical Pte Ltd. | nasal and oropharyngeal swabs | viral RNA | results in 20 min with 1 min of hands-on time | 2000 samples/day | CE mark 3/2020 | Singapore |
LYRA SARS-CoV-2 assay | real-time RT-PCR | Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc. Quidel Corporation | nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs | pp1ab | results in <75 min after extraction | US FDA 3/17/2020 | Canada | |
SARS-CoV-2 assay | real-time RT-PCR | Diagnostic Molecular Laboratory – Northwestern Medicine | nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, nasal, and midturbinate nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid | N1 and RdRP genes | results in <1 h without manual RNA extraction | US FDA 4/2/2020 | United States | |
Simplexa COVID-19 Direct | real-time RT-PCR | DiaSorin Molecular LLC | nasopharyngeal swabs | OFR1ab and S gene | results in ∼1 h with no RNA extraction | high throughputa | US FDA 3/19/2020 | United States |
ePlex SARS-CoV-2 test | RT-PCR | GenMark Diagnostics, Inc. | nasopharyngeal swabs | RNA | <2 min hands-on time and results in ∼2 h | US FDA 3/19/2020 | United States | |
Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2 assay (Panther Fusion System) | real time RT-PCR | Hologic Inc. | nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs | ORF1ab regions 1 and 2 | each Panther Fusion system can provide results in <3 h and process up to 1150 coronavirus tests in 24-h period | 1 sample/run | Australia 3/20/2020, US FDA 3/16/2020 | Australia, United States |
COVID-19 RT-PCR test | real-time RT-PCR | LabCorp Laboratory Corporation of America | nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs/washes/aspirates and sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid | N gene | results in 2–4 days | 24 samples/run | US FDA 3/16/2020 | United States |
ARIES SARS-CoV-2 assay | real-time RT-PCR | Luminex Corporation | nasopharyngeal swabs | ORF1ab and N gene | minimal hands-on time and an automated workflow delivers results in ∼2 h | high throughputa | US FDA 4/3/2020 | United States |
SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR | CRISPR-based lateral flow assay isothermal amplification | Mammoth Biosciences | respiratory samples | E and N genes | CRISPR Cas12a-based lateral flow assay results in 30–40 min | high throughputa | filed for US FDA 4/16/2020 | United States |
Accula SARS-CoV-2 test | PCR and lateral flow technologies | Mesa Biotech Inc. | throat and nasal swabs | N gene | results in 30 min, the palm-sized device can be used in physician office or patients’ home | 144 tests/day | US FDA 3/23/2020 | United States |
MiRXES FORTITUDE KIT 2.0 | real-time RT-PCR | MiRXES Pte Ltd. | nasopharyngeal swabs | viral RNA genes less prone to mutation | results in 90 min, produces 100,000 test kits/wk | 96 samples in 1 run | Singapore HSA 3/2020 | Singapore |
QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 panel | multiplex real-time RT-PCR | Qiagen GmbH | nasopharyngeal swabs | E and RdRP genes | results in ∼1 h, by differentiating novel coronavirus from 21 other bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens | 1 sample/run | US FDA 3/30/2020 | United States |
cobas SARS-CoV-2 | real-time RT-PCR | Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. | nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs | viral RNA | results in ∼3.5 h, instruments can process up to 384 results (cobas 6800 System) and 1056 results (cobas 8800 System) in 8 h | high throughputa | Australia 2/20/20, CE mark 2020, US FDA 3/12/20 | Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Singapore, United States |
TaqPath COVID-19 combo kit | multiplex real-time RT-PCR | Rutgers Clinical Genomics Laboratory ThermoFisher-Applied Biosystems | oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, anterior nasal, midturbinate nasal swabs and saliva specimens | ORF1b and N and S genes | high throughputa | US FDA 3/13/2020 | United States | |
Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Nucleic Acid diagnostic kit (PCR-fluorescence probing) | real-time RT-PCR | Sansure Biotech Inc. | nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab, serum, blood and feces | ORF1ab and N gene | results in 30 min | China NMPA 4/2020 | China | |
STANDARD M nCoV RT detection kit | real-Time RT-PCR | SD BIOSENSOR | oropharyngeal swabs | E and RdRP genes | results within 90 min | Korea MFDS 2/27/2020 | South Korea | |
Allplex 2019-nCoV assay | multiplex real-time RT-PCR | Seegene | nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, or anterior nasal swabs, midturbinate and sputum specimens | E, N, and RdRP genes | results in <2 h after extraction | CE mark 2/2020, Korea MFDS 2/12/2020, US FDA 4/21/2020 | Australia, South Korea, Singapore, United States | |
Viracor SARS-CoV-2 assay | real-time RT-PCR | Viracor Eurofins Clinical Diagnostics | nasopharyngeal, nasal, oropharyngeal washes/swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid | N gene | results the same day, 12–18 h from receipt of specimen | US FDA 4/6/2020 | United States |
Information from FDA https://www.fda.gov/media/136702/download.
Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. FDA or other drug regulatory authorities.