Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for age, gender, and nursing specialty, work strain and work ability dependent on secondary traumatic experiences (no STE, STE without STS, STE with STS).
| No STE (N=28) | STE without STS (N=218) | STE with STS (N=74) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Female | 26 (9.3%) | 186 (66.4%) | 68 (24.3%) |
| Male | 2 (5.0%) | 32 (80%) | 6 (15%) |
| Age range | |||
| ≤25y | 8 (15.7%) | 32 (62.7%) | 11 (21.6%) |
| 26-35y | 9 (8.1%) | 71 (64.0%) | 31 (27.9%) |
| 36-45y | 5 (7.6%) | 48 (72.7%) | 13 (19.7%) |
| 46-55y | 4 (6.0%) | 48 (71.6%) | 15 (22.4%) |
| ≥55y | 2 (8.0%) | 19 (76.0%) | 4 (16%) |
| Nursing specialty | |||
| Surgical care | 7 (9.0%) | 54 (69.2%) | 17 (21.8%) |
| Internal medicine | 14 (10.8%) | 84 (64.6%) | 32 (24.6%) |
| Pediatric care | 3 (4.8%) | 44 (69.8%) | 16 (25.4%) |
| Psychiatric care | 4 (8.2%) | 36 (73.5%) | 9 (18.4%) |
| Workload | |||
| Being under pressure | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.7 a,b |
| Having too much work | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.8 a,b |
| Control over work | |||
| Influence on amount of work | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.8 |
| Plan work independently | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.9 a | 3.0 ± 0.8 a,b |
| Social support | |||
| Support by colleagues | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.7 a,b |
| Support by supervisor | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.1 a,b |
| Workflow | |||
| Information or equipment not available | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.1 a,b |
| Work often interrupted | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 0.8 a | 4.3 ± 0.7 a,b |
| Feedback | |||
| Appropriate feedback by colleagues | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.1 |
| Appropriate feedback by supervisors | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 3.2 ± 1.1 |
| Work environment | |||
| Stressful work environment | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 1.2 |
| Equipment inadequate | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.2 |
| Information and participation | |||
| Always kept up-to-date | 3.5 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 1.1 a,b |
| Superiors consider employees ideas | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.7 a | 1.6 ± 0.7 a,b |
aMeans a group difference (P < 0.05) between “STE with STS” and “no STE”. bMeans a group difference (P < 0.05) between “STE with STS” and “STE without STS”. STS, secondary traumatic stress.