Characteristic Study ID	Measurement period		Study population	Intervention group	Control group	Overall effect	Comments
Araujo‐Soares 2009	Baseline		195 boys and girls	122	115	NS	PA was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents using the 7‐day recall method. Children indicated how many sessions of activities they had engaged in and how long each lasted. From this questionnaire a measure of general MVPA and exercise was derived consisting of a composite score that multiplied the frequency of sessions per week with minutes per session. Intention‐to‐treat analysis conducted Large treatment effect despite minimal intervention Intervention effects increased following intervention
	End of intervention (9 months)			158	113	P = 0.016 45 (95% CI 9 to 82)
Barbeau 2007	Baseline		201 girls	27.6	27.6	NA	Free‐living PA was measured using a 7‐day recall tool
	End of intervention			60	40.2	P = 0.0006 22.2 (95% CI 9.6 to 34.2)
Bayne‐Smith 2004	Baseline		442 girls	67.5	82.5	NS	Self‐reported activity measured as the number of 15 min sessions engaged in outside of school time
	End of intervention			79.5	82.5	NS
Donnelly 2009	Baseline		1490 boys and girls	NA	NA	NS	PA assessment was conducted using direct observations via the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) method. Values are means taken from 4‐day averages of minutes of MVPA (≥4 METs)
	End of intervention (year 3)			98	72	P = 0.001
Ewart 1998	Baseline		88 adolescent girls	8.6	8.1	‐	Observed step test exercise duration measured in seconds
	End of intervention			9.55	7.03	P < 0.0003
Haerens 2006	Boys	Baseline	2434 boys and girls	18	23	‐	Self‐reported leisure time PA measured in number of minutes. Intervention 1 = curricula to promote physical activity with parental involvement. Intervention 2 = curricula to promote physical activity with no parental involvement.
		End of intervention (year 2)		25	24	P < 0.05
	Girls	Baseline		13	17	‐
		End of intervention (Year 2)		16	18	NS
	Intervention 1	Baseline		16	‐	‐
		During intervention (9 months)		23	19	P < 0.05
	Intervention 2	Baseline		16	‐	‐
		During intervention (9 months)		21	19	P < 0.05
Haerens 2009	Baseline		281 boys and girls	87.6	86.7	‐	Physical activity levels were determined using the validated Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire. The FPAQ measured total physical activity (min/day).
	End of intervention (3 months)			88.6	83.9	NS
Jones 2008	Baseline		606 girls	65	65	NS	PA data were collected using multiple administrations of the Self‐Administered Physical Activity Checklist (SAPAC), as well as with the Calcium, Osteoporosis and Physical Activity (COPA) questionnaire
	End of intervention			71	64	P = 0.16 7.05 95% CI (6.75 to 7.35)
Kriemler 2010	Baseline		502 boys and girls	21.2	21.2	NS	PA was monitored with an accelerometer which was worn continuously around the hip for 5 weekdays, at baseline and at the end of the intervention
	End of intervention			21.2	19.4	P = 0.03 0.44 95% CI (0.05 to 0.82)
Lubans 2009	Baseline		106 boys and girls	71	73	NS	Yamax SW700 pedometers were used to measure PA. Participants were asked to wear sealed pedometers for 5 days (including 4 consecutive school days and 1 weekend day)
	Follow‐up (6 months)			75.4	64	NS
Luepker 1996	Vigorous activity	Baseline	4019 boys and girls	NA	NA	NA	Self‐reported PA of 1 day. Recall of duration of 22 common physical activities Prolonged treatment effect noted in sample 3 years post intervention. No gender specific analysis Results favor the control group Absence of baseline measurements requires results to be interpreted with caution for both outcomes
		End of intervention (year 3)		30	22	P < 0.001
	Total PA	Baseline		NA	NA	NA
		End of intervention (year 3)		121	125	P = 0.59
McManus 2008	Intervention 1	Baseline	193 boys and girls	159	NA	NS	Percent time and (min) per day moderately active (HR >139 and <160 beats/min). Children had weekday PA assessed using continuous HR telemetry Intervention 1 = educational group (PE classes with PA and heart health education) Intervention 2 = Non‐educational group (PE classes without PA or heart health education) Changes in amount of time spent in PA only improved when daily feedback was provided to children‐ in the absence of feedback, no change in PA was observed. While study data suggest a treatment effect, text in publication indicated no treatment effect at the end of the intervention.
		End of intervention (6 months)		245	NA	P<0.05
	Intervention 2	Baseline		193	NA	NS
		End of intervention (6 months)		262	NA	P < 0.05
Neumark‐Sztainer 2009	Baseline		96 boys and girls	NA	NA	NS	PA was assessed with the Past Day Physical Activity Recall. Trained staff completed this tool with participants in a one‐on‐one interview.
	End of intervention			157.2	142.8	P = 0.651
Neumark‐Sztainer 2010	Baseline		336 adolescent girls	90	90		There were the mean of the number of 30‐min blocks (˜90 min/day, or just under 90 min/day at baseline)
	Follow‐up (5 months post‐intervention)			84	69	0.186 (NS)
Peralta 2009	Baseline		32 boys	92	79.7	NA	Weekday MVPA (min/day). PA was measured over 7 consecutive days using MTI 7164 Actigraph accelerometers worn on belts at the right hip. Average minutes of moderate (MPA) vigorous (VPA) and MVPA were calculated using a composite method.
	Follow up (6 months)			123	96.6	P = 0.43 16.4 95% CI (‐26.8 to 59.6)
Robinson 1999	Child report	Baseline	192 boys and girls	56.7	44.3		Self‐reported time spent in and out of school PA using an activity checklist. PA, metabolic equivalent‐weighted, min/week
		End of intervention		56.7	48.3	NS
	Parent report	Baseline		11	9
		End of intervention		16	17	NS
Salmon 2008	Intervention 1	Baseline	268 boys and girls	NA	NA		PA was assessed using Manufacturing Technology Inc. AM7164‐2.2C accelerometers. Children wore the MTI on a belt positioned over the right hip during waking hours, except when bathing or swimming, for 8 days at each of the 4 measurement points. Intervention 1 = behavioural modification group (BM) ‐ aimed to reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors Intervention 2 = fundamental movement skills group (FMS) ‐ aimed to increase skills and enjoyment of PA. Intervention 3 = combined BM/FMS group received both the BM and FMS lessons. Baseline data available for boys and girls; however, not available for whole sample. Results only available post intervention for whole sample. Statistically significant effect only observed for those in the FMS group compared to control and not the other 2 intervention arms
		Follow up (12 months)		NA	NA	NS
	Intervention 2	Baseline		NA	NA
		Follow‐up (12 months)		NA	NA	P < 0.05 (FMS) 9.5 (1.4 to 17.6)
	Intervention 3	Baseline		NA	NA
		Follow‐up (12 months)		NA	NA	NS
Simon 2004	Baseline		954 adolescent males and females	150	162		Self‐reported number of months that each activity is performed over the past year and the mean weekly time devoted to PA calculated
	End of intervention (year 4)			207	153	P < 0.0001 66 (95% CI 33.6 to 97.8)
Stone 2003	End of intervention		1297 boys and girls	NA	NA	P < 0.05	Accelerometers measured time spent engaged in PA
Webber 2008	Baseline		36 schools all girls	23.7	23.7	NS 1.6 95% CI (0.0 to 3.3	MET‐weighted minutes of MVPA using accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days except while bathing, swimming, or sleeping
	End of intervention (year 2)			22.4	22.4	NS ‐0.2 (95% CI ‐1.4 to 1.0)
	Program Champion– directed intervention (year 3)			22.2	20.8	P = 0.05 1.6 (95% CI 0 to 3.3)
Weeks 2008	Boys	Baseline	81 boys and girls	NA	NA	NS	A PA score was derived for each subject from responses to a bone‐specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ), using a custom‐designed LabVIEW program (National Instruments). The program ran an algorithm that accounted for frequency of exercise bouts and years of participation in past (whole of life) and current (previous 12 month) exercise involvement Effect favors control
		End of intervention		NA	NA	NS
	Girls	Baseline		NA	NA	NA
		End of intervention		NA	NA	P = 0.008
Wilson 2011	Baseline		1308 boys and girls	43.4	44	‐	‐
	Follow‐up (2 weeks post intervention)			43.6	43.6	NS
Williamson 2007	Baseline		586 boys and girls	HEE NA	ADT NA	NS	The Self‐Administered Physical Activity Checklist (SAPAC) is a 29‐item self‐report, 1‐day recall of physical and selected sedentary activities using a checklist format. Self‐reported data from the SAPAC were summarized to measure minutes of MVPA Intervention 1 = healthy eating and exercise group (HEE). Provided with increased opportunity for PA during the day and education Intervention 2 = Alcohol/Drug/Tobacco use/abuse prevention (ADT). Program to modify children's beliefs about the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs
	End of intervention (18 months)			22	‐3	P = 0.06
CI: confidence interval; NA: not acknowledged; NS: not significant; MVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity; MET: metabolic equivalent; FPAQ: Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire; HR: heart rate; PE: physical education; PA: physical activity.