Robinson 1999.
| Methods | Design: cluster randomized controlled trial Theoretical framework: Social Cognitive Theory Number of intervention groups: 1 Number of control groups: 1 Follow‐up: immediately post‐intervention | |
| Participants | N (intervention): 92
N (control): 100 Age (mean): 9 years Sex: male and female Ethnicity: unstated |
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| Interventions | Country: US Setting: school, unstated if urban or rural Provider: teachers Duration: 6 months Intervention: limited access to television (TV) use and budgeting TV time. Based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory it involved 18 lessons of 30 to 50 min as part of standard curriculum, taught by regular classroom teachers trained by research staff. Most lessons occurred in the first 2 months of the year and early lessons included self‐monitoring and self‐reporting for TV and video game use followed by a 10‐day TV turnoff challenge after which students were encouraged to follow a 7‐h per week budget. Newsletters designed to help parents motivate students and regulate time spent on TV and video games for the entire family were distributed. Each household received 1 (or more if requested) TV time master to regulate TV and video use Control: not specified | |
| Outcomes | Duration of physical activity TV viewing (minutes spent watching TV) Body mass index (kg/m2) | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comment: randomization process not reported |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Comment: criterion not applicable because all participants were allocated at 1 point in time following recruitment, so at time of recruitment allocation was not known |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote: "participants and school personal including classroom teachers, were informed of the intervention but were unaware of the primary hypothesis. Measurements were done by trained staff blinded to the experimental design" (Robinson 1999, p1562) |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Comment: outcome data complete |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comment: all outcomes identified a priori were reported on |
| Confounders controlled? | Low risk | Comment: all relevant confounders were accounted for |
| Data collection methods valid and reliable? | Low risk | Comment: data collection tools valid and reliable |