TABLE 3.

Summary of the top three upstream regulators associated with the differentially expressed genes lists for each grade of disease compared to normal, and for the dissected disease valves compared to dissected normal.

	Upstream regulator	Molecule type	Activation Z-score	P-value
Grade 1	P2RY2	GPCR		0.0007
	Lithium	Chemical drug		0.00124
	Bucladesine	Chemical toxicant	1.131	0.00167
Grade 2	Mma_DMAG	Chemical		0.00067
	TNF	Cytokine	0.826	0.00089
	HOXB13	Transcription regulator		0.00122
Grade 3	TGFβ1	Growth factor	1.316	3.01E-22
	TNF	Cytokine	2.361	8.03E-18
	LPS	Chemical drug	3.874	3.00E-15
Grade 4	TGFβ1	Growth factor	2.589	6.22E-18
	TNF	Cytokine	3.313	1.17E-14
	IFNG	Cytokine	3.248	3.57E-14
Dissected	TNF	Cytokine	2.589	7.54E-06
	TGFβ1	Growth factor	0.926	1.79E-19
	IFNγ	Cytokine	2.233	2.19E-18

For each upstream regulator, the molecule type, Z-score (level of activation) and P-value are shown.