Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of PUC cohort, PDD converters vs. nonconverters.
| Converted to dementia (n = 66) |
Did not convert (n = 250) |
p-value⁎ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||
| Mean (SD) | 70.7 (8.4) | 65.4 (8.5) | <0.0001 |
| Range | 50.1–90.1 | 43.04–89.2 | |
| Education, years | |||
| Mean (SD) | 16.0 (2.6) | 16.0 (2.5) | 0.906 |
| Range | 12–20 | 8–20 | |
| Sex | |||
| n (%) male | 51 (77.3) | 159 (63.6) | 0.036 |
| Follow-up time, years | |||
| Mean (SD) | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.8 (1.8) | 0.278 |
| Range | 1.0–7.0 | 0.8–8.0 | |
| Number of visits | |||
| Mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.1) | 0.190 |
| Range | 2–6 | 2–6 | |
| Disease duration, years | |||
| Mean (SD) | 8.5 (5.7) | 7.6 (5.7) | 0.275 |
| Range | 1–24 | 0–24 | |
| LEDD, mg/d | |||
| Mean (SD) | 678.5 (507.0) | 559.2 (472.9) | 0.074 |
| Range | 0–2876 | 0–2972 | |
| Geriatric Depression Scale | |||
| Mean (SD) | 6.0 (1.6) | 5.6 (1.5) | 0.019 |
| Range | 4–12 | 2–12 | |
| MDS-UPDRS-III | |||
| Mean (SD) | 26.5 (10.6) | 23.5 (11.3) | 0.052 |
| Range | 10–57 | 3–60 | |
| Modified Hoehn & Yahr | |||
| Median | 2.25 | 2 | 0.004 |
| Range | 1–4 | 1–5 | |
| APOE ε4 allele | |||
| n (%) | 14 (21.9) | 54 (22.0) | 0.990 |
| GBA variant | |||
| n (%) | 6 (9.1) | 21 (8.4) | 0.865 |
| MoCA | |||
| Mean (SD) | 23.7 (2.4) | 25.7 (2.5) | <0.0001 |
| Range | 17–30 | 18–30 | |
| DRS-2 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 136.4 (4.6) | 138.2 (5.1) | 0.012 |
| Range | 125–144 | 103–144 | |
| MMSE | |||
| Mean (SD) | 27.9 (1.5) | 28.4 (1.6) | 0.031 |
| Range | 24–30 | 23–30 |
Abbrev: APOE, apolipoprotein; DRS-2, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; GBA, glucocerebrosidase gene; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorders Society- sponsored Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale revision; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PDD, Parkinson's disease dementia; PUC, Pacific Udall Center; SD, standard deviation.
Groups compared using t-tests for continuous variables (age, education, disease duration, LEDD, Geriatric Depression Scale, MDS-UPDRS, MMSE, MoCA, DRS-2), chi-square for categorical variables (sex), and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance for ordinal data (Modified Hoehn and Yahr).