Table 3.
Causes of biomolecular injury through oxidative stress in micro‐organisms including yeasts (see Fig. 4)
| Chemical species | Name |
|---|---|
ROS (·O ,·OH,·ΔgO2) |
Reactive oxygen species (FR) |
| RSS | Reactive sulphur species (FR) |
| RSeS | Reactive selenium species (FR) |
| RNS (NOx) | Reactive nitrogen species (FR) |
| O2 | Oxygen (FR in ·ΔgO2 molecular singlet state – see above) |
| O3 | Ozone |
| Cl2 | Chlorine (bleaches) |
| RL | Redox ligands |
| X | Xenoestrogens |
| Y | Radionuclides (‐emitters) |
| Z | Redox dyes (such as phenol red) |
| Mn/Mn+1 | Redox metal couples |
| RE | Redox enzymes such as cytochromes P450 in futile electron recycling when substrate is in short supply. The electron transport chain proceeds through NADH and redoxins in bacteria |
FR, free radical.