TABLE 7.
Adjusted Odds of Factors Related to Depressive Symptomatology among Youth by Gender Identity (n = 5,542)
| Cisgender boys (n = 2,260) | Cisgender girls (n = 2,840) | Transgender (n = 189) | Gender non-conforming (n = 253) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Perceived Reasons for Having Been Victimized | ||||
| Sexual orientation | 2.0 (1.2, 3.2)** | 2.8 (2.0, 4.1)*** | .37 (.10, 2.2) | 1.8 (.63, 5.2) |
| Gender | 2.2 (1.1, 4.5)* | 1.7 (1.1, 2.6)* | 2.2 (.56, 8.6) | 2.1 (.69, 6.3) |
| Expression of gender | .88 (.53, 1.4) | 1.5 (.98, 2.2)* | 1.5 (.24, 8.8) | 1.6 (.56, 4.7) |
| Race or ethnicity | .98 (.56, 1.7) | 1.2 (.78, 1.8) | 1.9 (.40, 9.4) | .31 (.06, 1.7) |
| Disability | 1.4 (.64, 2.9) | 2.3 (1.3, 4.0)** | 1.0 (.16, 6.4) | 8.0 (.88, 72.7) |
| Religion | .92 (.55, 1.5) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5)** | 9.1 (1.9, 44.0)** | 30.9 (2.8, 345.1)** |
| Physical appearance | 2.4 (1.7, 3.4)*** | 1.8 (1.3, 2.4)*** | 4.7 (1.3, 17.7)* | 2.2 (.84, 5.8) |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.0 (.94, 1.1) | 1.1 (.80, 1.6) | 1.1 (.81, 1.5) |
| Low income | 1.4 (.96, 2.2) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0)* | .80 (.24, 2.6) | 5.3 (1.7, 16.5)** |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 2.0 (1.3, 3.3) | 1.4 (.93, 2.1) | 2.4 (.52, 10.7) | 1.02 (.21, 4.8) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Black/African-American | 1.2 (.56, 2.4) | 1.2 (.78, 1.9) | 16.5 (1.7, 156.4)* | 1.2 (.38, 3.5) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 2.3 (.87, 6.1) | 1.6 (.82, 3.0) | 59.7 (2.0, 1804.5)* | 19.6 (1.9, 201.1)* |
| Native American or Alaskan Native | .92 (.23, 3.7) | .47 (.13, 1.7) | .81 (.09, 7.0) | 1.7 (.16, 17.2) |
| Mixed/Other Racial Background | 1.6 (.77, 3.6) | 1.8 (1.0, 3.1) | 3.7 (.77, 17.8) | 27.8 (4.9, 158.5)*** |
| Type of community | ||||
| Urban or city area | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Suburban area | .74 (.47, 1.2) | 1.1 (.83, 1.6) | 4.2 (1.1, 16.8) | 2.3 (.75, 7.1) |
| Small town or rural area | .70 (.45, 1.1) | .75 (.54, 1.0) | .54 (.14, 2.0) | 1.2 (.35, 4.2) |
| Dishonesty on survey | .71 (.25, 2.0) | .70 (.28, 1.7) | omitted | .12 (.01, 1.7) |
| Not alone while taking survey | .82 (.56, 1.2) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 1.7 (.52, 5.5) | .81 (.34, 2.0) |
***
P ≤ .001.
**
P ≤ .01.
*
P <.05
Ref = reference category
Note: Dishonesty on the survey was omitted from the model because only one transgender youth reported having been dishonest on the survey.