Table 2.

Classification, management, post-operative complications and outcome of RSG.

Variable	N (%)	Variable	N (%)
Classification of retrosternal goiters		Post-operative complications
Above aortic arch (above tbl4) (Grade 1)	22 (73.3%)	Tracheomalacia	4 (13.4%)
Aortic arch to pericardium (Grade 2)	7 (23.3%)	Temporary tracheostomy	2 (6.7%)
Below right atrium (Grade 3)	1 (3.4%)	Hypocalcaemia (transient)	3 (10%)
Type of operation		Hypoparathyroid (transient)	2 (6.7%)
Primary	28 (93.3%)	Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury	1 (3.4%)
Re-operation	2 (6.7%)	Pneumothorax	1 (3.4%)
Type of excision		Thrombosis of left subclavian vein	1 (3.4%)
Total thyroidectomy	17 (56.7%)	Wound infection	0 (0%)
Hemi-thyroidectomy	11 (36.7%)	Bleeding	0 (0%)
Subtotal thyroidectomy	2 (6.7%)	ICU admission	6 (20%)
Central lymph node dissection	2 (6.7%)	ICU length of stay (days) median, range	6 (2–11)
Approach for retrosternal goiters		Hospital length of stay (days)	7.67 (2–44)
Cervical	29 (96.7%)
Full sternotomy	1 (3.4%)	Outcome
Manubriotomy	0 (0%)	Mortality (30 days)	0 (0%)
Histopathology results		Mortality on follow up	1 (3.4%)
Multinodular goiter	25 (83.3%)	Metastatic papillary cancer on follow-up	1 (3.45)
Papillary thyroid cancer	3 (10%)
Thyroiditis	2 (6.7%)
Positive lymph node for cancer	0 (0%)