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. 2020 May 4;10:7449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64440-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The customized MRgFUS system induced successful BBB opening in pigs. (A) Transverse and coronal T₁-weighted MRIs of a pig show successful BBB opening as indicated by the MRI contrast agent extravasation at the FUS-targeted site. (B) Significant increase in BBB opening volume (p = 0.0156) at FUS-targeted brain region (FUS + ) and the contralateral non-treated region (FUS-). Each circular point represents the result obtained from each pig. (C) Significant increase in K^trans values (p = 0.0053) in the FUS + area compared with the FUS- site. K^trans estimation was performed for the last 4 pigs.