Table 2.
Results of the Mixed-Effects Model Analyses for PSG Variables.
| Slow breathing (n = 10) | Music listening (n = 10) | Control (n = 20) | Intervention | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music listening | Slow breathing | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | p | F | p | ||
| TST (min) | 448.19 (42.67) | 435.52 (44.38) | 454.28 (54.91) | 1.16 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.59 | |
| SOL (min)a | 12.56 (8.81) | 20.59 (15.80) | 16.52 (12.61) | 0.78 | 0.39 | 0.74 | 0.40 | |
| REM latency (min)a | 82.85 (25.63) | 81.85 (45.74) | 77.03 (20.25) | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.31 | 0.59 | |
| WASO (min)a | 25.85 (25.35) | 26.20 (37.06) | 20.83 (18.29) | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.96 | 0.34 | |
| Stage N1 (%)a | 5.14 (2.23) | 4.14 (2.80) | 4.71 (2.97) | 1.65 | 0.21 | 0.85 | 0.37 | |
| Stage N2 (%) | 48.68 (5.52) | 44.45 (4.51) | 48.36 (6.86) | 4.33 | 0.049 | 0.01 | 0.94 | |
| Stage N3 (%) | 22.15 (5.91) | 24.41 (8.58) | 21.09 (6.97) | 3.16 | 0.09 | 1.65 | 0.21 | |
| Stage REM (%) | 24.04 (5.31) | 27.00 (4.51) | 25.84 (6.02) | 0.50 | 0.49 | 1.15 | 0.29 | |
| REM density | 7.80 (2.66) | 5.50 (3.10) | 6.40 (3.90) | 0.60 | 0.45 | 2.45 | 0.13 | |
Abbreviations: REM, rapid eye movement; SOL, sleep onset latency; TST, total sleep time; WASO, wake after sleep onset. aLog-transformed values were used for the mixed model analyses.