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. 2020 May 4;10:7457. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64286-9

Table 4.

Plasma biochemical and immune parameters of LMB fed the experimental diets for 12 weeksa.

ALP (U/L) AMY (mg/dL) GLOB++ (mg/dL) ALB (g/dL) TP (g/dL) IgM (µg/mL) Lysozyme (mU/mL)
Treatment means
Diet FM level AM level (%) MM source
D1 H 0 I 61.7 ± 1.7abc 164.3 ± 6.2 2.0 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.1 4.3 ± 0.1 997.7 ± 35.8ab 27.7 ± 1.0
D2 H 0 O 59.7 ± 1.5abc 174.0 ± 10.8 2.2 ± 0.1 2.1 ± 0.1 4.3 ± 0.2 984.7 ± 23.0ab 29.1 ± 2.2
D3 H 50 I 78.3 ± 11.0ab 134.3 ± 42.2 2.0 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.1 4.2 ± 0.2 963.4 ± 52.6ab 27.5 ± 1.1
D4 H 50 O 57.0 ± 4.6abc 166.0 ± 5.5 2.1 ± 0.0 2.2 ± 0.1 4.3 ± 0.2 1023.2 ± 39.8ab 32.1 ± 3.2
D5 H 100 I 52.7 ± 4.1bc 152.7 ± 2.0 2.1 ± 0.0 2.3 ± 0.1 4.4 ± 0.1 915.7 ± 16.0ab 28.6 ± 1.6
D6 H 100 O 44.0 ± 6.4c 180.0 ± 20.1 2.2 ± 0.1 2.1 ± 0.2 4.2 ± 0.2 1124.9 ± 144.8a 31.4 ± 4.3
D7 L 0 I 63.3 ± 12.3abc 126.3 ± 3.3 2.0 ± 0.1 2.1 ± 0.1 4.1 ± 0.1 872.2 ± 29.3ab 27.7 ± 1.0
D8 L 0 O 87.0 ± 7.9a 97.0 ± 28.5 1.8 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.2 4.0 ± 0.2 1034.1 ± 32.2ab 30.0 ± 1.7
D9 L 50 I 71.7 ± 2.7abc 131.0 ± 6.1 2.1 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.0 4.3 ± 0.2 912.3 ± 31.6ab 27.9 ± 1.7
D10 L 50 O 77.0 ± 8.5abc 104.3 ± 42.0 1.9 ± 0.1 2.4 ± 0.2 4.3 ± 0.3 929.1 ± 96.5ab 27.7 ± 0.9
D11 L 100 I 64.0 ± 3.2abc 157.0 ± 28.9 2.0 ± 0.1 2.4 ± 0.2 4.5 ± 0.1 968.0 ± 29.2ab 25.4 ± 1.0
D12 L 100 O 75.3 ± 2.3abc 123.7 ± 27.5 2.0 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.0 4.3 ± 0.1 816.5 ± 28.0b 26.3 ± 0.6
Main effect means

FM level

H

L

AM level (%)

0

50

100

MM source

I

O

 58.9 ± 3.2 161.9 ± 7.7 2.1 ± 0.0 2.2 ± 0.0 4.3 ± 0.1 1001.6 ± 31.0 29.4 ± 1.0
73.1 ± 3.1 123.2 ± 10.2 2.0 ± 0.0 2.3 ± 0.1 4.2 ± 0.1 922.0 ± 21.6 27.4 ± 0.6
67.9 ± 4.6ab 140.4 ± 11.4 2.0 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.1 4.2 ± 0.1 972.2 ± 28.2 28.7 ± 0.8
71.0 ± 4.1a 133.9 ± 14.4 2.0 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.1 4.3 ± 0.1 957.0 ± 29.6 28.2 ± 1.0
59.0 ± 4.0b 153.3 ± 11.3 2.1 ± 0.0 2.3 ± 0.1 4.4 ± 0.0 956.3 ± 42.2 28.3 ± 1.2
65.3 ± 3.1 144.3 ± 8.1 2.0 ± 0.0 2.3 ± 0.0 4.3 ± 0.1 938.2 ± 14.7 28.0 ± 0.5
66.7 ± 4.0 140.8 ± 12.0 2.0 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.1 4.2 ± 0.1 985.4 ± 35.6 28.8 ± 1.1
ANOVA (Pr > F)

FM level

AM level

MM source

FM level × AM level

FM level × MM source

AM level × MM source

FM level × AM level × MM source

 0.001 0.009 0.020 0.172 0.649 0.035 0.094
0.042 0.501 0.604 0.256 0.349 0.925 0.930
0.716 0.801 0.922 0.683 0.649 0.206 0.313
0.302 0.611 0.346 0.545 0.331 0.608 0.446
0.004 0.064 0.020 0.227 0.733 0.306 0.083
0.148 0.933 0.854 0.331 0.525 0.868 0.735
0.927 0.938 0.760 0.940 0.971 0.016 0.673

FM, Fishmeal; H, high; L, low; AM, algal meal; MM, micro-mineral; I, inorganic; O, organic; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AMY, amylase; GLOB, globulin; ALB, albumin; TP, total protein; IgM, immunoglobulin M.

aData are mean value ± SE. We performed nine analysis per treatment; n = 9. Mean values in the same column with different superscript are significantly different (P < 0.05). ++= difference undetected by Tukey HSD.