Table 5.
Accuracy metrics for combinational models in distinguishing malignant from benign tumors.
| Model No. | Model Category | No. of features | AUC | Sen (%) | Spe (%) | NPV (%) | PPV (%) | Accuracy (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Models | ||||||||
| A: Original [1] | Restriction + CN + T2 + T1 | 4 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2 |
| 2 | Original - T2 | 3 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2 → ¤ |
| 3 | Original - T1 | 3 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2→ |
| 4 | Original - CN | 3 | 0.95 | 100 | 94 | 100 | 81 | 95.2↓ |
| 5 | Original - Restriction | 3 | 0.89 | 48 | 99 | 88 | 91 | 88.6↓ |
| *6 | Original - (T2 + T1) | 2 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2 → |
| →The best Model = [Restriction + CN] | ||||||||
| Complex Models | ||||||||
| B: Original [7] | Qualitative Features:Restriction+ CN + Lipid peak +Choline peak+T2 + T1 | 6 | 0.96 | 95 | 98 | 99 | 91 | 97.1 |
| 8 | Original - (T2 signal + T1 signal) | 4 | 0.96 | 95 | 98 | 99 | 91 | 97.1→ |
| 9 | Original - (Lipid peak + Choline peak) | 4 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2↓ |
| *10 | Original - (Choline peak + T2 signal + T1 signal) | 3 | 0.97 | 95 | 99 | 99 | 95 | 98.1↑ |
| 11 | Original - (Lipid peak + T2 signal + T1 signal) | 3 | 0.96 | 95 | 98 | 99 | 91 | 97.1→ |
| 12 | Original - (Lipid peak + Choline peak + T2 signal + T1 signal) | 2 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2↓ |
| 13 | Original - (CN + Restriction + T2 signal + T1 signal) | 2 | 0.69 | 46 | 92 | 87 | 60 | 82.5↓ |
| 14 | Original - (CN + T2 signal + T1 signal) | 3 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2↓ |
| 15 | Original - (CN + Choline peak + T2 signal + T1 signal) | 2 | 0.96 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 84 | 96.2↓ |
| 16 | Original - (Restriction + Choline peak + T2 signal + T1 signal) | 2 | 0.84 | 62 | 93 | 91 | 68 | 86.7↓ |
| →The best Model = [Restriction + CN + Lipid peak] | ||||||||
| C: Original [17] | Quantitative Features:T2 map + Mean ADC + T2 scaled + 4 TM/TP ratios | 7 | 0.85 | 76 | 94 | 94 | 76 | 90.5 |
| 18 | Original - (T2 map + mean ADC + T2 scaled) | 4 | 0.86 | 81 | 87 | 95 | 61 | 85.7↓ |
| 19 | Original - (TMCE Ratio + TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 3 | 0.92 | 86 | 94 | 96 | 78 | 92.4↑ |
| 20 | Original - (TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 4 | 0.92 | 86 | 95 | 96 | 82 | 93.3↑ |
| 21 | Original - (TMCE Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 4 | 0.89 | 86 | 93 | 96 | 75 | 91.4↑ |
| 22 | Original - (TMCE Ratio + TP Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 4 | 0.92 | 81 | 94 | 95 | 77 | 91.4↑ |
| 23 | Original - (TMCE Ratio + TM Ratio + TP Ratio) | 4 | 0.88 | 76 | 95 | 94 | 80 | 91.4↑ |
| *24 | Original - (T2 scaled + TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 3 | 0.89 | 81 | 98 | 95 | 89 | 94.3↑ |
| 25 | Original - (Mean ADC + TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 3 | 0.89 | 81 | 95 | 95 | 81 | 92.4↑ |
| 26 | Original - (T2 map + TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 3 | 0.94 | 90 | 94 | 98 | 79 | 93.3↑ |
| 27 | Original - (TMCE Ratio + T2 scaled + TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 2 | 0.91 | 76 | 95 | 94 | 80 | 91.4↑ |
| 28 | Original - (Mean ADC + T2 scaled + TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 2 | 0.85 | 76 | 96 | 94 | 84 | 92.4↑ |
| 29 | Original - (T2 map + T2 scaled + TP Ratio + TM Ratio + TPCE Ratio) | 2 | 0.86 | 86 | 95 | 96 | 82 | 93.3↑ |
| →The best Model = [T2 map + Mean ADC + TMCE Ratio] | ||||||||
| D: Original [30] | Total: Restriction+ T2map+ mean ADC + TMCE Ratio+ CN + Lipid peak | 6 | 0.98 | 95 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 99.0 |
| 31 | Original - (Lipid peak) | 5 | 0.98 | 95 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 99.0→ |
| 32 | Original - (CN + Lipid peak) | 4 | 0.98 | 95 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 99.0→ |
| 33 | Original - (TMCE Ratio + Lipid peak) | 4 | 0.98 | 95 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 99.0→ |
| *34 | Original - (Mean ADC + Lipid peak) | 4 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100↑ |
| 35 | Original - (T2map + Lipid peak) | 4 | 0.96 | 95 | 96 | 99 | 87 | 96.2↓ |
| 36 | Original - (Restriction + Lipid peak) | 4 | 0.87 | 81 | 96 | 95 | 85 | 93.3↓ |
| 37 | Mean ADC + Lipid peak | 2 | 0.93 | 62 | 100 | 91 | 100 | 92.1↓ |
| 38 | Mean ADC + (TM Ratio or TMCE Ratio) | 2 | 0.86 | 86 | 95 | 96 | 82 | 93.3↓ |
| 39 | Restriction + Mean ADC + T2 signal | 2 | 0.95 | 95 | 96 | 99 | 87 | 96.2↓ |
| →The best Model = [Restriction + T2 map + TMCE Ratio + CN] | ||||||||
¤Arrows indicate the direction of changes. *indicates the best models in each category. No.:number; AUC: Area Under receiver operating Characteristics; Sen: sensitivity; Spe: specificity; NPV: Negative Predictive Value; PPV: Positive Predictive Value; CN: Central Necrosis; TP Ratio: Tumor/Psoas Ratio on T2; TM Ratio: Tumor/Myometrium Ratio on T2; TPCE Ratio: Tumor/Psoas Ratio on Contrast Enhanced images; TMCE Ratio: Tumor/Myometrium Ratio on Contrast Enhanced images.