Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients treated with intranasal midazolam (in-MDZ)
| Patients treated with in-MDZ (n = 243) | % (n) |
|---|---|
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 35.5 ± 14.5 |
| Age at epilepsy onset (mean ± SD) | 18.1 ± 14.7 |
| Epilepsy duration in years (mean ± SD) | 16.9 ± 13.3 |
| Epilepsy type | |
| Focal epilepsy | 86.4 (210) |
| Right hemisphere | 34.2 (83) |
| Left hemisphere | 39.9 (97) |
| Bilateral | 12.3 (30) |
| Genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy | 6.2 (15) |
| Unknown | 7.4 (18) |
| History of status epilepticus | |
| Yes | 4.1 (10) |
| No | 95.9 (233) |
| History of febrile convulsions | |
| Yes | 9.9 (24) |
| No | 84.8 (206) |
| Unknown | 5.3 (13) |
| Imaging findings | |
| No appreciable disease | 37.2 (96) |
| Cavernoma | 3.5 (9) |
| Cortical dysplasia | 14.0 (36) |
| Hippocampal sclerosis | 22.1 (57) |
| Tumor | 9.7 (25) |
| Other | 7.0 (18) |
| No imaging available | 3.5 (9) |
| Previous neurosurgery | 3.1 (8) |
| Comorbidities (n = 141) | |
| Arterial hypertension | 15.6 (22) |
| Diabetes | 6.4 (9) |
| Adipositas | 5.7 (8) |
| Depression | 19.1 (27) |
| Psychiatric conditions | 11.3 (16) |
| Endocrine disease | 9.9 (14) |
| Abuse of alcohol | 4.3 (6) |
| Abuse of nicotine | 17.7 (25) |
| Other | 9.9 (14) |
| Antiseizure drugs | |
| Levetiracetam | 60.9 (148) |
| Lamotrigine | 42.8 (104) |
| Lacosamide | 18.5 (45) |
| Oxcarbazepine | 17.3 (42) |
| Zonisamide | 16.0 (39) |
| Valproate | 12.8 (31) |
| Carbamazepine | 10.7 (26) |
| Topiramate | 7.4 (18) |
| Other | 30.0 (73) |