Table 3.

List of included studies and PFO prevalence by diagnostic modality in the old.

Studies—old	Healthy/control population	Cryptogenic events	Non-cryptogenic events	Age (years)
	PFO(+)/Total Prevalence (%)	PFO(+)/Total Prevalence (%)	PFO(+)/Total Prevalence (%)
Transesophageal Echocardiography
Jones et al. (27)	29/183	10/57	18/137	>50
	15.8	17.5	13.1
Meissner et al. (29)	148/581			>45
	25.5
Cerrato et al. (31)	7/51	16/53		>50
	13.7	30.1
Hausmann et al. (32)	23/98	3/20	6/22	>40
	23.5	15	27.3
Handke et al. (42)		41/145	27/227	>55
		28.3	11.9
Mesa et al. (51)		17/44	2/24	>55
		38.6	8
Total	207/913	87/319	53/410
	22.7	27.3	12.9
Transthoracic Echocardiography
Di Tullio et al. (53)	164/1,100			>39
	14.9
Di Tullio et al. (56)		9/24	6/77	>55
		37.5	7.8
Total	164/1,100	9/24	6/77
	14.9	37.5	7.8
Transcranial Doppler
Serena et al. (63)		135/257		>55
		52.5
Mazzuco et al. (64)		68/190	44/207	>60
		35.8	21.2
Yeung et al. (66)		27/89		>50
		30.3
Carod- Artal et al. (69)		16/64	25/136	>45
		25	18.4
Total		246/600	69/343
		41	20.1