Table 3.

Antiviral Therapies Currently Being Studied for COVID-19: Potential Cardiovascular Interactions and Toxicities

Antiviral Therapy	ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers	Mechanism of Action	CV Drug Class Interactions	CV Adverse Effects
Remdesevir	NCT04302766 NCT04280705 NCT04292899 NCT04292730 NCT04315948 NCT04321616	Nucleotide-analog inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases	N/A	Unknown
Ribavirin	NCT04276688 NCT00578825	Inhibits replication of RNA and DNA viruses	Anticoagulants∗	Drug-induced hemolytic anemia Avoid in patients with significant/unstable cardiac disease
Lopinavir/ritonavir	NCT04252885 NCT04275388 NCT04276688 NCT04286503 NCT04307693 NCT04261907 NCT02845843 NCT04321174 NCT04295551 NCT04315948 NCT04251871 NCT00578825 NCT04328012 NCT04321993	Lopinavir is a protease inhibitor; ritonavir inhibits CYP3A metabolism increasing levels of lopinavir	Antiplatelets∗ Anticoagulants∗ Statin∗ Antiarrhythmics∗	Altered cardiac conduction: QTc prolongation, high-degree AV block, torsade de pointes; increased serum cholesterol

Table 5 summarizes specific recommendations in the setting of medication interactions.

AV = atrioventricular; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA =ribonucleic acid; other abbreviations as in Table 1.

^∗Indicates drug class interactions.